Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant biology

Li, Xuan; Wu, Surui; Xu, Jiao; Sui, Chun; Wei, Jianhe

doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2017.01.002

Cited by 159 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Then, the Cas proteins interact with CrRNAs to initiate interference and consequent degradation of the foreign DNA by endonucleases [4]. It is now clear that CRISPR/Cas9 action is based on the participation of Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) [5].…”

Section: The Crispr/cas Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Grain Crops

Hussain¹,

Imran²,

Yun³

2020

Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research

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The development of reliable and efficient techniques for making precise targeted changes in the genome of living organisms has been a long-standing objective of researchers throughout the world. In plants, different methods, each with several different variations, have been developed for this purpose, though many of them are hampered either by providing only temporary modification of gene function or unpredictable off-target results. The recent discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and the CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) nucleases started a new era in genome editing. Basically, the CRISPR/Cas system is a natural immune response of prokaryotes to resist foreign genetic elements entering via plasmids and phages. Through this naturally occurring gene editing system, bacteria create DNA segments known as CRISPR arrays that allow them to "remember" foreign genetic material for protection against it and other similar sequences in the future. This system has now been adopted by researchers in laboratory to create a short guide RNA that binds to specific target sequences of DNA in eukaryotic genome, and the Cas9 enzyme cuts the DNA at the targeted location. Once cut, the cell's endogenous DNA repair machinery is used to add, delete, or replace pieces of genetic material. Though CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been recently developed, it has started to be regularly used for gene editing in plants as well as animals to good success. It has been proved as an efficient transgene-free technique. A simple search on PubMed (NCBI) shows that among all plants, 80 different studies published since 2013 involved CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in rice. Of these, 20, 13, and 24 papers have been published in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Furthermore, 20 different studies published since 2014 utilized CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene editing in wheat, where five of these studies were published in 2019 and seven were published in 2018. Genomes of other grain crops edited through this technique include maize, sorghum, barley, etc. This indicates the high utility of this technique for gene editing in grain crops. Here we emphasize on CRISPR/Cas9mediated gene editing in rice, wheat, and maize.

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Section: The Crispr/cas Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Grain Crops

Hussain¹,

Imran²,

Yun³

2020

Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research

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“…Since the Cas9/sgRNA transgene and the target region are often at different locations in the genome, removal of the Cas9/sgRNA transgene through segregation is possible in the subsequent generations. Thus far, the majority of published studies with the CRISPR/Cas9 system involve NHEJ-mediated single-gene knockout or down-regulation [15][16][17][18]. However, when Cas9 is combined with multiple sgRNAs specific for different target genes [47], NHEJ may also introduce targeted chromosome deletion [42] and knock out the whole gene family, which provides the possibility to introduce multiple traits in an elite variety [48][49][50].…”

Section: Introduction To Genome Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Improved Fruit, Vegetable, and Ornamental Crops Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technique

Corte

Mahmoud

Moraes

et al. 2019

Plants

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Horticultural crops, including fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plants are an important component of the agriculture production systems and play an important role in sustaining human life. With a steady growth in the world's population and the consequent need for more food, sustainable and increased fruit and vegetable crop production is a major challenge to guarantee future food security. Although conventional breeding techniques have significantly contributed to the development of important varieties, new approaches are required to further improve horticultural crop production. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has emerged as a valuable genome-editing tool able to change DNA sequences at precisely chosen loci. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed based on the bacterial adaptive immune system and comprises of an endonuclease guided by one or more single-guide RNAs to generate double-strand breaks. These breaks can then be repaired by the natural cellular repair mechanisms, during which genetic mutations are introduced. In a short time, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a popular genome-editing technique, with numerous examples of gene mutation and transcriptional regulation control in both model and crop plants. In this review, various aspects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system are explored, including a general presentation of the function of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacteria and its practical application as a biotechnological tool for editing plant genomes, particularly in horticultural crops.

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“…The first reports of CRISPR/Cas9 editing in plants appeared in 2013. CRISPR/Cas9 editing has been reported in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana, in rice, sorghum, wheat, tomato, grapes, maize and the opium poppy (Alagoz et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2017). CRISPR/Cas9 has now become the tool of choice for gene editing in plants not only to knock out gene(s) but also to insert or delete a gene (Filler Hayut et al, 2017;Roux et al, 2006) by using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DNA breaks to elevate levels of Homologous Recombination (Cermak et al, 2017;Cerm ak et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in tomato to create a gibberellin‐responsive dominant dwarf DELLA allele

Tomlinson

Yang

Emenecker

et al. 2018

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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The tomato PROCERA gene encodes a DELLA protein, and loss-of-function mutations derepress growth. We used CRISPR/Cas9 and a single guide RNAs (sgRNA) to target mutations to the PROCERA DELLA domain, and recovered several loss-of-function mutations and a dominant dwarf mutation that carries a deletion of one amino acid in the DELLA domain. This is the first report of a dominant dwarf PROCERA allele. This allele retains partial responsiveness to exogenously applied gibberellin. Heterozygotes show an intermediate phenotype at the seedling stage, but adult heterozygotes are as dwarfed as homozygotes.

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Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant biology

Cited by 159 publications

References 100 publications

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Grain Crops

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Grain Crops

Development of Improved Fruit, Vegetable, and Ornamental Crops Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technique

Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in tomato to create a gibberellin‐responsive dominant dwarf DELLA allele

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