Application of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology in various fields: A review

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a revolutionary tool that enables precise and efficient modifications of the genetic material. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its applications in genome editing. We begin by describing the fundamental principles of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, explaining how the system utilizes a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to direct the Cas9 nuclease to specific DNA sequences in the genome, resulting in targeted double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide in-depth explorations of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its applications in agriculture, medicine, environmental sciences, fisheries, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, and biotechnology. We also highlight its potential, ongoing research, and the ethical considerations and controversies surrounding its use. This review might contribute to the understanding of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its implications in various fields, paving the way for future developments and responsible applications of this transformative technology.

CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing Technology for Zoonotic Disease Control in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Review

“…In some CRISPR systems, catalytically inactive Cas proteins are fused to effector domains or repressive elements. These effector molecules enable more precise and robust gene regulation by modulating chromatin structure or interacting with the transcription machinery [14,47,48]. By enabling the selective and reversible induction or downregulation of particular genes, CRISPRi facilitates a more exhaustive examination of gene function and the repercussions of alterations in gene expression.…”

“…Thus, this technology is potentially and appropriately applied for disease surveillance, especially in Indonesia, for zoonotic diseases. In addition, CRISPR-based surveillance methods have advantages over traditional diagnostic techniques, including rapid turnaround time, high sensitivity and specificity, and potential for multiplex detection of multiple pathogens in a single assay [14]. These capabilities are particularly valuable in regions where many zoonotic diseases circulate and resources for laboratory diagnostics are limited.…”

Designing hybrid CRISPR-Cas12 and LAMP detection systems for treatment-resistant Plasmodium falciparum with in silico method

“…Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats or also known as CRISPR are repetitive DNA sequences that serve as a gene editing tool that allows researchers to cleave DNA at designated locations or sites [7]. In order to cleave DNA, there are nucleases involved, and the nucleases were called Cas, which stands for "CRISPR-associated" [8].…”