Application of Corn Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in the Production of Interlocking Paving Stones

Abstract

As a way of converting agro-wastes into useful materials for the construction industry, this research considered the application of corn husk ash (CHA) as partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the production of interlocking paving stones. The study investigated the oxide composition of CHA to ascertain its suitability as a pozzolanic material. Some properties of paving stones with CHA as a replacement for OPC were evaluated. The results showed that CHA is a good pozzolana having satisfied the required standards. The compressive strength of the specimens, with replacement levels ranging from 5 to 25% cured for periods of 3-56 days, was lower at early curing age but improved significantly at later age. Five percent (5%) replacement level showed increased strength compared to 0% CHA regardless of curing age. Density decreased with increasing CHA content, water absorption increased with CHA content, while abrasion resistance decreased with CHA substitution. The test results revealed that CHA paving stones at 5% replacement can attain higher strength than the conventional ones at longer curing periods due to its pozzolanic characteristics.

Characterization of Coir Pith Ash Blended Cement Pastes

“…These materials are not only improving the quality of products of blended cements, but also it reduces the cost and adverse effects of cement production. The fly ash [1][2][3][4][5][6], granulated slag [7,8], silica fume [6,9,10], metakaolin [9,11], sugarcane bagasse ash [12][13][14][15], wheat straw ash [16][17][18][19], corn stalk ash [17][18][19][20][21], rice husk ash [22][23][24][25][26], saw dust ash [27][28][29][30][31][32], palm ash [33], sunflower ash [34], and many others are examples for these materials. The importance of these materials is often due to it possess pozzolanic reactivity from the active amorphous silica which undergoes secondary reactions with the released free lime, Ca(OH)2 from the hydration of the silicate phases of the cement forming additional cementitious materials.…”

“…The first is the normal hydration of the major cement phases, while the second is due to the pozzolanic activity of the CPA, where the constituents of CPA could be reacted with those resulting from the hydrated cement phases like Ca(OH)2 to produce CSH and/or CAH [30,33,34,37]. On the other side, the decrease of bound water contents is attributed to the lack or deficiency of the main hydrating materials of the cement due to its substituted by CPA [16,18,20,37,39,40].…”

“…This was continued till reach to 12wt. % CPA (CP4), but then decreased with further increase of CPA content (CP5), and the apparent porosity increased [13][14][15][16]20,21,26,37]. As a result, the optimum content of CPA is 12wt.…”

Significant Levels of Steel Slag Concrete Produced With Varying Water Cement Ratios

“…This lead to intrigue in the utilization of elective materials and exploration has been utilized on many exclusive substances as aggregate substitutes [6]. Adedokun et al [7] and Raheem et al [8][9][10] noted that the utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes are environmentally friendly method of disposing large of materials that would have constituted pollution to land, water and air. Steel slag are as of now being utilized in asphalt paving because of their firmness, mechanical energy, wear opposition, porosity and water retention potential.…”

Permeation Resistance of Sawdust Ash Blended Cement Laterized Concrete

“…As partial replacement for Portland cement, SDA would reduce the performance of concrete at early ages; however, the delayed setting times would lead to improved performance of concrete in hot weather [25]. Also, due to the continuous pozzolanic reaction with increasing age, SDA would contribute to later-age strength development of concrete [26][27][28][29] and resistance of concrete to water absorption [30] and sorption [5]. Also, since the manufacture of SDA would require lower calcination temperature than that of Portland cement clinker, SDA blended cement concrete would be cheaper and more environmentally friendly than Portland cement concrete.…”