Application of cone calorimeter for the assessment of class of flame retardants for polypropylene

Abstract

The study presented addresses the fire behaviour of polypropylene compounded with six classes of flame retardants. The application of cone calorimetry for the assessment of the thermal characteristics of the tested materials and their comparison with thermogravimetry are the central point of this research. This study only presents data for 25 kW/m2 of incident heat flux exposure and includes five tests for polypropylene with no additives and five tests for polypropylene with flame retardants based on triglycidylisocyanurate and lignin. The data collected include the rate of heat release, mass loss rate, char yield, time to ignition and time of total combustion. Results represent meaningful comparison between the behaviour of the materials under simulated fire conditions, using the cone calorimeter, and in the slow dynamic environment utilized in thermogravimetric analysis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A novel efficient polymeric flame retardant for poly (lactic acid) (PLA): Synthesis and its effects on flame retardancy and crystallization of PLA

“…From Table 3, it can be seen that the T 5 wt% , T 50 wt% and the char residue yields at 800 o C in air are lower than that under nitrogen, which is due to the existence of oxygen that accelerates the degradation of PNFR and PLA. Cone calorimetry test can provide a wealth of parameters including the time to ignition (t ign ), the peak heat release rate (PHRR), the total heat release (THR) and average heat release rate (AHRR), of which the most important parameters are PHRR and THR [37]. From the results of LOI and UL-94 for the PLA composites, we can see that the PLA-2 exhibits the best flame retardancy and therefore, PLA and PLA-2 are chosen to analyze the combustion behaviours.…”

Supermolecular structure and thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/lignin composites

“…L is able to give a large amount of char when heated at high temperature in an inert atmosphere, this feature is a basic aspect of flame retardant additives, since char reduces the combustion rate of polymeric materials [2]. Some papers described the efficiency of both pure L and L mixed with salts as flame retardant additives for polypropylene [3][4][5]. The antioxidant properties of L were used to stabilize polymer matrix composites against photoand thermo-oxidation [6][7][8].…”

Flame-retarding behaviors of novel spirocyclic organo-phosphorus compounds based on pentaerythritol

“…40,41 Heat release rate (HRR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) are important parameters to evaluate fire safety. 42 For the PC/FR mixtures along with neat PC, samples obtained V-0 ratings are evaluated employing MC and the detailed PHRR data are shown in Figure 9 and summarized in Table VI given in Figure 10(A). The peaks at 1207, 996, and 913 cm -1 are attributed to P=O, P-OH, and P-O-P, respectively.…”