Application of colloidal palladium modifier for the determination of As, Sb and Pb in a spiked sea water sample by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Influence of experimental parameters on the determination of antimony in seawater by atomic absorption spectrometry using a transversely heated graphite furnace with Zeeman-effect background correction

“…In this work, we examined the influence of Pd, the most universal modifier, on the atomization signal of Sb. As previously observed, the influence of palladium on the atomization signal of Sb is highly dependent on its chemical form [13,14]. As shown in Fig.…”

“…In these spectroscopic conditions, the limit of detection of Sb in seawater is lower at 217.6 nm than at 231.2 nm but as previously shown the calibration curve is severely bent at 217.6 nm for a 2 nm spectral bandwidth. A limit of detection of 3.6 µg L -1 (2 σ, 10 µL) for Sb in seawater has been previously reported [13].…”

“…Nonspectral interference with the atomization signal of antimony have been reported in the presence of various matrices. These effects could be generally minimized with the use of a chemical modifier such as Ni [7,8,9] or various forms of palladium [9,10,11,12,13,14]. Spectral interference effects at the different analytical lines of Sb that could induce measurement errors have also been observed, particularly in the presence of iron or phosphate matrices [15,16,17,18,19].…”

The use of silver nanoparticles as an effective modifier for the determination of arsenic and antimony by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Additionally, palladium nitrate has been mixed with ammonium nitrate [6] and calcium nitrate [7] for the determination of cadmium and phosphorous. In a previous paper, colloidal palladium was prepared in the laboratory and successfully used as a modifier for the determination of arsenic and antimony in heavy matrices [8]. It was proposed that colloidal Pd is a more effective modifier than Pd(NO 3 ) 2 because the Pd 2+ in Pd (NO 3 ) 2 may react with matrix constituents (e.g.…”

Developments in the Determination of Trace Elements by Atomic Spectroscopic Techniques

“…Colloidal palladium also allows determining Sn and Cd in the presence of high amounts of sodium sulfate and Te in glucose media (Volynsky and Krivan 1997). According to Volynsky et al (2001) colloidal palladium modifier proves its high effectiveness for the determination of traces of some analytes in heavy matrices. With minimum optimization of the time -temperature program of the electrothermal atomizer and without optimization of amount of modifier, As, Sb, and Pb spikes were successfully determined in a seawater matrix.…”