Application of Cognitive Systems Engineering Approach to Railway Systems (System for Investigation of Railway Interfaces)

Appicharla, Sanjeev Kumar

doi:10.5772/61527

Cited by 2 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This arises from Availability heuristic in the form of omission of commonly known factors (see Kahneman et al, 1982 cited in [11]) and gains its validity from the risk analysis experiment (fault tree analysis of car starting scenario) (See Fischoff et al, 1978) is cited by ([15], p. 89). In the context of the GB Railways safety risk management, omission of Human and Organisational Factors from RSSB risk assessments is noted in the author's review of railway risk assessment data published by the Office of Rail and Road Regulation regarding the Crossrail risk assessment [6].…”

Section: Availability Heuristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sanjeev Appicharla (2015b) identified approximately eighteen biases (this is not a conclusive list) from literature and stated them in the 2015 publication [37]. However, the sources of these biases were not traced to the heuristics in the 2015 publication and were made a part of the MORT Assumed Risk Branch is to be noted [37]. Thus, it requires this chapter to provide a correction of the error by mapping them to the Rasmussen's "Step-ladder model of " decision making [6].…”

Section: Definitions Of Active and Latent Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the sources of these biases were not traced to the heuristics in the 2015 publication and were made a part of the MORT Assumed Risk Branch is to be noted [37]. Thus, it requires this chapter to provide a correction of the error by mapping them to the Rasmussen's "Step-ladder model of " decision making [6].…”

Section: Definitions Of Active and Latent Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from mitigating effects of Optimism bias through uplift of the cost budget, the infrastructure projects planning domain need to pay attention to the human and organisational aspects to consider the latent failures in risk management practices as well. For example, the failure of Crossrail to open in time and meet safety objectives despite the fact uplift of the cost budget was provided is a sign of planning failure [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, these heuristics are quite useful but sometimes lead to severe and systematic errors" ( [11]; [15], pp. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Apart from these American schools, there is fourth type of rationality called, German school of rationality, and is named "Ecological rationality".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Nobel Prizes to Safety Risk Management: How to Identify Latent Failure Conditions in Risk Management Practices

Appicharla¹

2022

Railway Transport Planning and Management

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The aim of the Chapter is to introduce readers to the Cognitive Biases found in Railway Transport Planning and Management domain. Cognitive biases in planning of railway projects lead to cost overruns, fail to achieve performance and fulfil safety objectives as well is noted in the economics, business management and risk management literature as well. Unbiased decision making is a core goal of systems engineering, encouraging careful consideration of stakeholder needs, design alternatives, and programmatic constraints and risks. However, Systems engineering practices dealing with Railway Transport Planning and Management fields do not pay attention to the human factors and organisational factors at initial stages of planning where driveability of European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) Trains emerges as a concern in real time operations is noted in the Railway Transport Planning and Management domain. Therefore, there is a case for studying the Cognitive Biases in this domain. The System for Investigation of Railways (SIRI) Cybernetic Risk Model (2006), (2017) is a Systems engineering response to the internal research brief by RSSB, a GB Railways Safety Body. The SIRI Cybernetic Risk Model (2017) incorporating the “Heuristics and Biases” approach was published by the UK Transport Select Commission as a Written Evidence in 2016 on the occasion of the Inquiry theme of Railway Safety. The validity of the SIRI Risk Model (Swiss Cheese Model) is further illustrated through the 2019 historical survey of railway accidents and the two recent RAIB investigations of track worker fatal accident and signalling related near miss event in the form of Swiss Cheese Model. The data and information in the RAIB Reports (17/2019) and (11/2020) is supplemented by further research and the author’s own past studies of accident analyses. The results of the study show that the Guide to Railway Investment Process (GRIP) (2019) has no provision for incorporating measures to address to deficiencies raised by the accident reports or safety analysis reports as the RSSB (2014) Taking Safe Decisions Framework does not include all Hueristics and the biases they lead in the information used for taking decisions. Thus, the Duty Holder Investment process fails to meet the requirements of the mandatory regulatory requirements of the Common Safety Method-Risk Assessment (CSM-RA) Process. The results of the Case Studies in the Chapter remain the same despite the proposed changes in the Shapps-Williams Reform Plan (2021) as the safety related matters are not yet addressed by the plan. The author hopes when the lessons that are learnt from the Case Studies are embedded in railway organisations then we may see improvements in the railway planning and management practices by considering the risk factors at the conceptual stage of the projects and meet the requirements of ISO Standard 27500 (2016) for Human Centred Organisation. National Investigations Bodies (NIB) also may be benefitted.

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Section: Availability Heuristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definitions Of Active and Latent Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definitions Of Active and Latent Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Nobel Prizes to Safety Risk Management: How to Identify Latent Failure Conditions in Risk Management Practices

Appicharla¹

2022

Railway Transport Planning and Management

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Reflections of The Strategies Applied in the Boeing 737-Max Crisis Management on Passenger Perception

Güngör

2023

isarder

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Purpose ⎯Following the two crashes in Indonesia in 2018 and Ethiopia in 2019, resulting in 346 casualties, Boeing 737-Maxs became a global safety crisis. Boeing has pursued crisis strategies to restore brand trust. This study aims to ascertain whether Turkish passengers are concerned about the safety of Boeing 737-Maxs following two deadly plane crashes and whether they favor airlines that continue to use 737-Maxs. Methodology ⎯In this study, the structured interview research method is adopted to reveal the participants' perceptions of Boeing 737-Maxs. The research sample comprised "Turkish passengers who had no fear of flying" and "who had heard about Boeing 737-Max accidents". A total of 14 interview questions were extracted by reviewing the literature. In this study, interviews were conducted with 32 people. The data collected were subjected to content analysis. Findings ⎯The Boeing 737-Max is considered unsafe by 10 out of 20 men and 11 out of 12 women (or 50% and 92%, respectively). 66% of the participants believe that the Boeing 737-Max is an unsafe airplane. The participants, who had not previously heeded the type of aircraft they flew or heard about Boeing, started to pay attention to the type of aircraft type or identified Boeing with these accidents. Discussions⎯Even though Boeing fixed the issue and resumed flying its aircraft, it is concluded that unfavorable opinions of passengers, who are one of its key stakeholders, persisted.

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Application of Cognitive Systems Engineering Approach to Railway Systems (System for Investigation of Railway Interfaces)

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

From Nobel Prizes to Safety Risk Management: How to Identify Latent Failure Conditions in Risk Management Practices

From Nobel Prizes to Safety Risk Management: How to Identify Latent Failure Conditions in Risk Management Practices

Reflections of The Strategies Applied in the Boeing 737-Max Crisis Management on Passenger Perception

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