Application of chromatographic analysis for detecting components from polymeric can coatings and further determination in beverage samples

Lestido‐Cardama, Antía; Loureiro, Patricia Vázquez; Sendón, Raquel; Losada, Perfecto Paseiro

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461886

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, those with n = 2 have not been detected yet in such extracts. Of course, we have also detected a number of other compounds, among them cyclo-di-BADGE (Figure S3), which is the typical compound present in the epoxy resin material [3,4,13,15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A total number of 10 canned foods, such as meat products (3), seafood in oil (3), plant products (3), newborn and infant formulas (1), were purchased from local markets in Western Poland. The empty cans were filled completely with acetonitrile (Super Purity Solvent, Romil Ltd., Cambridge, Great Britain), and the extraction process was carried out by carefully stirring the solution for 90 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to obtain the desired physicochemical properties of epoxy resins, a number of compounds are used that act as curing agents, crosslinking agents, lubricating agents, hardeners, diluents, fillers, pigments, plasticizers, accelerators, etc. Due to by-product formations, incomplete polymerization, degradation processes, etc., the obtained epoxy resins are not pure compounds and may contain contaminants that can easily migrate into the surrounding medium, such as food or beverages [1][2][3]. This problem has prompted a vast number of studies devoted to the analysis of migrants (mainly BPA, BADGE, and its conjugates), which are present in the food-contact can-coatings [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to by-product formations, incomplete polymerization, degradation processes, etc., the obtained epoxy resins are not pure compounds and may contain contaminants that can easily migrate into the surrounding medium, such as food or beverages [1][2][3]. This problem has prompted a vast number of studies devoted to the analysis of migrants (mainly BPA, BADGE, and its conjugates), which are present in the food-contact can-coatings [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

et al. 2021

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The acetonitrile extracts of can-coating materials have been analyzed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). On the basis of detected ions [M + H]+, [M + NH4]+, [M + Na]+ and product ions, the ethoxylated butoxyethanol-bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adducts were identified in two of the analyzed extracts. Although the oxyethylene unit-containing compounds are widely used for the production of different kinds of materials, the ethoxylated species have not been earlier detected in epoxy resin can-coatings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

et al. 2021

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“…Today, less expensive alternatives to mass spectrometry (MS) are still used for HPLC analysis. These alternatives are the diode-array detector (DAD) and the fluorescence detector (FLD), which can be used to determine bisphenol levels in food or biological samples [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples

Tuzimski

Szubartowski

2021

Molecules

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In this study, we propose a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the simultaneous determination of seven bisphenols (bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB), BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether), BADGE∙2H2O, BADGE∙H2O, BADGE∙2HCl) in human breast milk samples. The dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure performed well for the majority of the analytes with recoveries in the range 57–88% and relative standard deviations (RSD%) of less than 9.4%. During the d-SPE stage, no significant matrix effect was observed thanks to the application of different pairs of salts such as zirconium-dioxide-based sorbents (Z-Sep or Z-Sep +) and primary secondary amine (PSA) or QuEChERS Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid (EMR-Lipid) and PSA. The method limits of quantification (mLOQs) for all investigated analytes were set at satisfactory low values in the range 171.89–235.11 ng mL−1. Analyte concentrations were determined as the average value from human breast milk matrix samples. The results show that the d-SPE/SPE procedure, especially with the application of EMR-Lipid and PSA, could be used for further bisphenol analyses in human breast milk samples.

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Bisphenol A and its analogues: from their occurrence in foodstuffs marketed in Europe to improved monitoring strategies—a review of published literature from 2018 to 2023

Neri,

Russo,

Grumetto

2024

Arch Toxicol

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In this review article, the research works covering the analytical determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and its structural analogues published from 2018 to present (February 2024) were examined. The review offers an overview of the concentration levels of these xenoestrogens in food and beverages, and discusses concerns that these may possibly pose to the human health and scrutinises, from an analytical perspective, the main biomonitoring approaches that are applied. This comes as a natural evolution of a previous review that covered the same topic but in earlier years (up to 2017). As compared to the past, while the volume of published literature on this topic has not necessarily decreased, the research studies are now much more homogeneous in terms of their geographical origin, i.e., Southern Europe (mainly Italy and Spain). For this reason, an estimated daily intake of the European population could not be calculated at this time. In terms of the analytical approaches that were applied, 67% of the research groups exploited liquid chromatography (LC), with a detection that was prevalently (71%) afforded by mass spectrometry, with over one-fourth of the research teams using fluorescence (26%) and a minority (3%) detecting the analytes with diode array detection. One-third of the groups used gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry achieving comparatively superior efficiency as compared to LC. Derivatisation was performed in 59% of the GC studies to afford more symmetrical signals and enhanced sensitivity. Although the contamination levels are well below the threshold set by governments, routinely biomonitoring is encouraged because of the possible accumulation of these contaminants in the human body and of their interplay with other xenoestrogens.

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Application of chromatographic analysis for detecting components from polymeric can coatings and further determination in beverage samples

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples

Bisphenol A and its analogues: from their occurrence in foodstuffs marketed in Europe to improved monitoring strategies—a review of published literature from 2018 to 2023

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