Application of Chitosan for Treatment of Wastewaters

No, Hong Kyoon; Meyers, Samuel P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6429-1_1

Cited by 88 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Chitosan with a partial positive charge has been shown to possess acidbinding properties [191] and to be effective in aiding the separation of colloidal and dispersed particles from food processing wastes [192,193]. These properties make chitosan an attractive processing aid in fruit juice production.…”

Section: Juice and Beveragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

Castro¹,

Paulín²

2012

The Complex World of Polysaccharides

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Chitin is a big molecule composed of -beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) monomers. There are three forms of chitin: , , and chitin. The -form, is mainly obtained from crab and shrimp. Both and chitin/chitosan are commercially available [5]. Sources of chitinIn the book "Chitin" published by Muzarelli in 1977, we can find a complete list of organisms that contain chitin: Fungi, Algae, Cnidaria (jellyfish), Aschelminthes (round worm), Entoprocta, Bryozoa (Moss or lace animals, Phoronida (Horseshoe worms), Brachiopoda(Lamp shells), Echiruda, Annelida (Segmented worms), Mollusca, Arthropoda and Ponogophora [6]). Herring, P.J in 1979 wrote that chitin is the main component of arthropod exoskeletons, tendons, and the linings of their respiratory, excretory, and digestive systems, as well as insects external structure and some fungi. It is also found in the reflective material (iridophores) of both epidermis and eyes of arthropods and cephalopods (phylum: Mollusca) and the epidermal cuticle of the vertebrate Paralipophrys trigloides (fish) is also chitinous [7,8]. The main commercial sources of chitin are the shell wastes of shrimp, lobsters, crabs and krill. There are three forms of chitin: , , and chitin. The -form, is composed of alternating antiparallel polysaccharide strands and is mainly obtained from crab and shrimp. -Chitin is by far the most abundant; it occurs in fungal and yeast cell walls, krill, lobster and crab tendons and shells, shrimp shells, and insect cuticle. The rarer -chitin is composed of parallel strands of polysaccharides, is found in association with proteins in squid pens [9,10] and in the tubes synthesized by pogonophoran and vestimetiferan worms [11,12]. It also occurs in aphrodite chaetae [13] as well as in the lorica, built by some seaweeds or protozoa [14,15,16]. And 2 parallel chains alternating with an antiparallel strand constitute gamma chitin and are found in fungi [15].

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Section: Juice and Beveragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

Castro¹,

Paulín²

2012

The Complex World of Polysaccharides

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show abstract

“…This biopolymer is used in biomedical engineering, pharmacy, biotechnology, chemistry, cosmetics, textile, pulp and paper, food industry and agriculture [14]. Because of its positive charges, chitosan is very efficient in interacting with particulate and dissolved substances [15][16]17]. Huang and Chen [18] studied bentonite coagulation by chitosan and concluded that chitosan was an excellent coagulant for bentonite suspensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of the Effect of Aluminum Chloride, Sodium Alginate and Chitosan on the Coagulation of Polystyrene Micro-Plastic Particles

Arenas¹,

Ramseier²,

Zimmermann³

et al. 2016

j coll sci biotechnol

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The coagulation of negatively charged polystyrene latex micro-plastic particles is studied in presence of two linear biopolymers (chitosan and sodium alginate) and a trivalent salt, aluminum chloride as coagulants. The performance of the different coagulants, impact of the solution pH, and use of alginate as a coagulant in presence of aluminum chloride, fractal character and compactness of aggregates are investigated by using mainly electrophoretic experiments and image analysis. The coagulant efficiency and coagulation routes and strategies are analyzed by considering the variations of the particle surface charges at variable coagulant concentrations.Optimal coagulant dosage is determined when the surface charge of the latex particle is neutralized.Our results suggest that the biopolymers are in some cases more efficient than AlCl3 for the destabilization of latex micro-plastic particles. Indeed, charge neutralization is more rapidly achieved by chitosan regarding the optimal dosage and chitosan is found to work over a wider range of pH values. Alginate is also found to be a good candidate when particle charge inversion is achieved first with aluminum chloride. We also demonstrate that coagulant dosage is dependent on the initial pH of the suspension. When the initial pH of the dispersion is low, the isoelectric point is obtained for small dosage values. Image analysis indicates that in all situation fractal aggregates are obtained and that biopolymers result in the formation or more compact structures which will increase the sedimentation rates.

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“…Ayrıca katyonik ve makromoleküler yapısı nedeniyle kitosan durultma ajanı olarak da kullanılabilmektedir. Bu nedenle kitosanın gıda işleme atık sularında ve meyve suyu üretiminde kolloidal ve dispers formda bulunan partiküllerin uzaklaştırılmasında etkili olabileceği belirtilmiştir [112]. Yapılan çalışmalarda elma, üzüm, limon ve portakal suyunda durultucu olarak çözünür kitosan kullanıldığında meyve sularının bentonit ve jelatine oranla daha berrak olduğu ve ayrıca meyve sularının kabul edilebilirliklerinin de arttığı belirlenmiştir [113,114].…”

Section: Meyve Suyundaki Uygulamalarıunclassified

Ki̇tosan Ve Anti̇mi̇krobi̇yal Özelli̇kleri̇

Yıldırım

Öncül²,

Yildirim

2016

Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖZKitosan, kitinin kısmen veya tamamen deastilasyonuyla elde edilen değişik moleküler ağrılıktaki bileşikler için kullanılan genel bir terimdir. Doğada yaygın ve bol miktarda bulunması, yüksek canlılara karşı toksik etki göstermemesi, mikroorganizmaları inhibe etmesi, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilmesi, biyo-uyumlu olması, kimyasal ve fiziksel özellikleri bakımından diğer birçok biyopolimere göre üstün özellikler göstermesi nedeniyle kitosan başta gıda olmak üzere su, ilaç, kozmetik, ziraat, tıp, kâğıt, tekstil, mikrobiyoloji, immünoloji, biyoteknoloji, ters osmoz membranları gibi birçok alanda kullanım olanağı bulmaktadır. Bu derleme, kitosanın antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ve etki mekanizması, antimikrobiyal aktivitesini etkileyen faktörler ve gıda endüstrisinde kullanımı ile ilgili bilgileri içermektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kitosan, antimikrobiyal aktivite, etki mekanizması, gıda CHITOSAN AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES ABSTRACTChitosan is a collective name used for a group of compounds having various molecular weights, which are produced from chitin by partially or fully de-acetylating. Because of its distinctive biological and physicochemical properties, including non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and non-antigenic activities, chitosan has found many applications in different areas such as: food, water treatment, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, biomedical, paper, textile, microbiology, immunology, biotechnology and reverse osmosis membranes. This review gives information about antimicrobial activity of chitosan, its mode of action against microorganisms, factors affecting its antimicrobial activity and its application in food industry.Keywords: Chitosan, antimicrobial activity, mode of action, food GİRİŞKitosan [(C 6 H 11 NO 4 ) n (C 8 H 13 NO 4 ) m ], ilk kez Bradconnot tarafından 1811 yılında tanımlanmış olan kitinin (β-1,4-poli-N-asetil-D-glukozamin) kısmen veya tamamen deasetilasyonu ile elde edilen antimikrobiyal özelliğe sahip bir heteropolisakkarittir [1,2]. Kitinin deasetilasyonu sonucu elde edildiği için kitosan, farklı oran ve sayıda 2-amino-2-deoksi-β-D-glukopiranoz (D-glukozamin, deasetile form, yaklaşık % 80) ve 2-asetamido-2-deoksi-β-D-glukopiranoz (N-asetil-D-glukozamin, asetile form, yaklaşık % 20) moleküllerinin β-(1,4) bağı ile bağlanması sonucu oluşan düz zincirli bir kopolimerdir. Bu iki molekülün sayısı ve dizi içerisindeki sırası

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Application of Chitosan for Treatment of Wastewaters

Cited by 88 publications

References 52 publications

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

Comparative Study of the Effect of Aluminum Chloride, Sodium Alginate and Chitosan on the Coagulation of Polystyrene Micro-Plastic Particles

Ki̇tosan Ve Anti̇mi̇krobi̇yal Özelli̇kleri̇

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