Abstract:The integrated effect
on homogeneous and heterophase liquids that
can be used for technological purposes has drawn the attention of
researchers in various sciences. Cavitation impact on oil is among
the efficient methods of intensifying chemical–technological,
hydromechanical, and mass-exchange processes and the destruction of
substances. This work reviews in detail and analyzes the mechanisms
of impact and application of cavitation in various processes in the
petroleum industry, including the refining process… Show more
“…The fundamental features of heavy crude oils are high viscosity, high density, and heavy components, distinguishing them from conventional light oils . However, due to the high viscosity and complex composition of heavy crude oil, it is subject to many technical difficulties during production, transportation, and refining processes. , Thus, the key to solving these difficulties is to reduce the high viscosity of heavy crude oil …”
This work investigates the performance of isooctyl glucoside
(APG08)
as an emulsifier for the preparation of a Karamay heavy crude oil-in-water
emulsion to facilitate its pipeline transportation. First, various
factors affecting the rheology and stability of prepared emulsions
were studied. The results revealed that the viscosity and stability
of emulsions increased with increasing oil content, surfactant concentration,
mixing speed, mixing time, and pH of the aqueous phase. Emulsion viscosity
was initially unchanged with the increase in homogenization temperature
and then increased while emulsion stability decreased. Meanwhile,
the optimal values of key parameters were 75 wt % oil content, 0.5
wt % surfactant concentration, temperature of 30 °C, mixing speed
of 750 rpm, mixing time of 10 min, and aqueous phase pH of 11.14,
resulting in a viscosity reduction of 88.82% and emulsion stability
up to 48 h at 96.27%. In addition, a qualitative relationship between
the stability and rheology of emulsions was elaborated by analyzing
the experimental results. The findings showed that an increase in
emulsion stability was accompanied by an increase in emulsion viscosity.
Therefore, emulsion viscosity cannot become very high while improving
emulsion stability to ensure proper transportation.
“…The fundamental features of heavy crude oils are high viscosity, high density, and heavy components, distinguishing them from conventional light oils . However, due to the high viscosity and complex composition of heavy crude oil, it is subject to many technical difficulties during production, transportation, and refining processes. , Thus, the key to solving these difficulties is to reduce the high viscosity of heavy crude oil …”
This work investigates the performance of isooctyl glucoside
(APG08)
as an emulsifier for the preparation of a Karamay heavy crude oil-in-water
emulsion to facilitate its pipeline transportation. First, various
factors affecting the rheology and stability of prepared emulsions
were studied. The results revealed that the viscosity and stability
of emulsions increased with increasing oil content, surfactant concentration,
mixing speed, mixing time, and pH of the aqueous phase. Emulsion viscosity
was initially unchanged with the increase in homogenization temperature
and then increased while emulsion stability decreased. Meanwhile,
the optimal values of key parameters were 75 wt % oil content, 0.5
wt % surfactant concentration, temperature of 30 °C, mixing speed
of 750 rpm, mixing time of 10 min, and aqueous phase pH of 11.14,
resulting in a viscosity reduction of 88.82% and emulsion stability
up to 48 h at 96.27%. In addition, a qualitative relationship between
the stability and rheology of emulsions was elaborated by analyzing
the experimental results. The findings showed that an increase in
emulsion stability was accompanied by an increase in emulsion viscosity.
Therefore, emulsion viscosity cannot become very high while improving
emulsion stability to ensure proper transportation.
“…Ultrasonic wave is a high frequency (above 20 kHz) and short-wavelength (even a few micrometers) sound wave with good directionality, strong penetrability, and concentrated energy [20] , [21] . When ultrasonic wave propagates in a medium, especially in a liquid medium and heterogeneous phases interfaces, a series of spectacular cavitation phenomena occur continuously and locally on a micro-scale, such as extremely high local temperature and pressure, high shear stress near the bubble wall, and micro-jets near the solid surface caused by asymmetric collapse of bubble and turbulence [22] , [23] , [24] . The ultrasonic process has been widely used in many fields such as cleaning [25] , welding [26] , fine chemicals, and others [27] .…”
“…Cavitation is considered a green technology because it makes it possible to avoid excessive use of toxic compounds, replacing them for more environmentally safe solvents, and in a number of cases to completely avoid application of chemical additives. 16 The processes involving cavitation are specified by improved reaction conditions and selectivity, no formation of toxic sediment, and reduced energy for chemical transformations. 17 In ref 18, the authors note that hydrodynamic cavitation used at the stage of preparing the water-coal fuel from brown coal with a solid fraction content of 50% makes it possible to produce slurry that is stable for 1 week.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hydrodynamic cavitation arises in rotor-stator machines when local pressure in a liquid decreases to the threshold pressurethe pressure of the liquid vapor at operating temperature due to high liquid velocity. Cavitation is considered a green technology because it makes it possible to avoid excessive use of toxic compounds, replacing them for more environmentally safe solvents, and in a number of cases to completely avoid application of chemical additives . The processes involving cavitation are specified by improved reaction conditions and selectivity, no formation of toxic sediment, and reduced energy for chemical transformations …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cavitation is considered a green technology because it makes it possible to avoid excessive use of toxic compounds, replacing them for more environmentally safe solvents, and in a number of cases to completely avoid application of chemical additives. 16 The processes involving cavitation are specified by improved reaction conditions and selectivity, no formation of toxic sediment, and reduced energy for chemical transformations. 17 …”
It is common to use coal as raw material in heat power
engineering.
A number of shortcomings of coal such as ignitability cannot be easily
eliminated. The use of water-slurry-based coal-water fuel instead
of coal eliminates this problem. The coal-water fuel (CWF) is liquid
fuel, which means that the main line of investigation is to study
its sedimentation and rheological properties responsible for the transport
and atomization in the boiler and thermal-physical properties which
determine the expedience and efficiency of its application. The paper
shows that the final performance properties of suspended coal fuel
can be determined at the stage of CWF preparation by hydrodynamic
treatment of aqueous coal slurry. The rheological and sedimentation
properties and combustion parameters of water-coal fuel, ignition
time of the drop, its completeness of combustion, and amount of man-made
emissions, have been studied. Studies have been carried out on coals
from the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin (Russia). The studies were performed
under laboratory conditions with a hydrodynamic rotary mixer, making
it possible to attain cavitation effects in the processed medium.
Two CWF types have been considered: the first was produced by cavitation
dispersion of the solid coal fraction in distilled water, and the
second was produced in analogy, but the dispersion medium was water
pretreated by cavitation. The paper shows that the cavitation method
of producing CWF improves the rheological and sedimentation properties
of the end-use fuel, reduces hazardous emissions in combustion, and
affects the combustion parameters.
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