Application of calcium chloride as an additive for secondary refrigerant in the air conditioning system type chiller to minimized energy consumption

Suwono, Aryadi; Indartono, Yuli Setyo; Irsyad, Muhammad; Al-Afkar, I C

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/88/1/012035

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The mobile signal is present already at 143 K and the dynamical melting occurs at T LM =213 K and the T 0.5 =190 K. The population analysis also affords van't Hoff plot (Figure 7d,h) fitted by a linear approximation, which yields a standard molar enthalpy and entropy changes (Δ H θ =17±1 kJ mol −1 ; Δ S θ =88±6 J mol −1 K −1 ), which is notably lower compared to the stable hydrates. It is to note that bulk solid system “CaCl 2 —H 2 O” of concentration below 50.7 wt% (corresponding to CaCl 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O) consists of two phase–ice and the hydrate CaCl 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O [25,37] . Consequently, the confinement of CaCl 2 ⋅ 12H 2 O inside MIL‐101 pores results in formation of a new homogeneous solid phase with a structure closer to the bulk ice, rather than a hydrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is to note that bulk solid system "CaCl 2 -H 2 O" of concentration below 50.7 wt% (corresponding to CaCl 2 • 6H 2 O) consists of two phase-ice and the hydrate CaCl 2 • 6H 2 O. [25,37] Consequently, the confinement of CaCl 2 • 12H 2 O inside MIL-101 pores results in formation of a new homogeneous solid phase with a structure closer to the bulk ice, rather than a hydrate.…”

Section: H Nmr Spectra Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salt Confined in MIL‐101(Cr)‐Tailoring the Composite Sorbents for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting

et al. 2023

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The adsorption method for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is considered as a promising heat-driven technology for potable water supply in arid regions. This research is focused on novel composite sorbents based on hygroscopic salts loaded in the pores of MIL-101(Cr) developed for AWH. The composites based on LiCl, LiBr, CaCl 2 , and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 were synthesized and comprehensively studied by SEM, XRD, N 2 adsorption, and thermogravimetric methods. We evidence that the CaCl 2 /MIL-101(Cr) composite demonstrates a high net water uptake of 0.52-0.59 g_(H 2 O)/g_(composite) per cycle under conditions of Saudi Arabia and the Sahara desert as the reference regions with extra-dry climate, which exceeds the appropriate values for other adsorbents. It is shown that water adsorption on the composite cannot be presented as a combination of the adsorption on the components, thus indicating a synergistic effect. A detailed characterization of water coordination, mobility, and hydrogen bonding within the confined CaCl 2 hydrates and salt solution using solid-state 2 H NMR spectroscopy has been performed. It is established that pore confinement promotes a prolonged transition to a dynamically melted state of the hydrated salt and a notable decrease of the melting temperature, which facilitates the molecular transport of water and causes the alteration of sorption properties of CaCl 2 inside MIL-101 pores. Finally, the performance of AWH employing CaCl 2 /MIL-101(Cr) was evaluated in terms of the fractions of water extracted and collected, and the specific energy consumption, demonstrating its high potential for AWH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H Nmr Spectra Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Confined in MIL‐101(Cr)‐Tailoring the Composite Sorbents for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting

et al. 2023

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“…The sufficient adsorbed water could be used to dissipate the maximum heat ever generated; ii) the matrices should have a high thermal conductivity to improve the overall heat dissipation capacity; iii) it is flame retardant and would prevent the fire spread to avoid the secondary fire accident when the thermal runaway occurred; iv) it has no obvious shape deformation during the water absorption and desorption process for the stability and recycling performance. Herein the hygroscopic salt of CaCl 2 with high water absorption and chemical stability [ 49 ] is composited with CNTs with high thermal conductivity, emissivity, and chemical stability [ 50 ] to obtain the DFCNT/HS films, which shows both excellent heat dissipation and fire insulation properties, as illustrated in Figure a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube/Hygroscopic Salt Nanocomposites with Dual‐Functionality of Effective Cooling and Fire Resistance for Safe and Ultrahigh‐Rate Operation of Practical Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Fire and explosion accidents and reduced energy utilization due to poor cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) caused by inevitable internal temperature rise during high-rate operations have become a growing concern. Herein, a dual-functional carbon nanotube/hygroscopic salt (DFCNT/ HS) film with effective passive cooling performance and fire insulation for the safe usage of practical LIBs under extremely fast discharging conditions is reported. The DFCNT/HS film based on the cooling mechanism of self-adaptive moisture absorption/desorption delivers a high cooling power of 32.9 W m −2 K −1 , which can reduce the maximum temperature of a 18650-3.6 V/2.0 Ah LIB by 11.2 and 17.4 °C at discharging rates of 10 and 15 C, respectively. Covering the cooling film, the battery discharges 23.6 Ah more total capacity at 10 within 500 cycles. What is challenging, almost three-fold extended lifetime of 425 cycles is achieved at 15 C with an extra total capacity of 467.2 Ah. Meanwhile, the developed film also shows an excellent hightemperature resistance up to 540 °C, which can alleviate the devastating fire propagation. The fast heat dissipation and excellent fire insulation as well as the mechanical flexibility and manufacturing scalability make this new material promising for safe usage of high-rate LIBs with zero energy consumption.

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“…Therefore, most research regarding PCMs focuses on hydrate salts because of their more suitable phase transition temperature and excellent latent heat storage capacity. However, a majority of inorganic hydrate salts are prone to supercooling and phase separation, which severely limits their application . In addition, only a few pure hydrates are known in the required temperature range for air conditioning and cooling .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a majority of inorganic hydrate salts are prone to supercooling and phase separation, which severely limits their application. 8 In addition, only a few pure hydrates are known in the required temperature range for air conditioning and cooling. 9 Hence, the research expands to organic PCM because of their appropriate thermal properties and chemical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Thermal Performance of Silica/n-Tetradecane Microencapsulated Phase Change Material for Cold Energy Storage

et al. 2016

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A novel silica (SiO2)/n-tetradecane microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) was synthesized by in situ interfacial polycondensation. The influences of the amount of the composite emulsifier and the mass ratio of n-tetradecane and tetraethyl silicate on the MEPCM performance were systematically investigated. The morphology, chemical structure, and composition of the MEPCM were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, and its thermal performance and thermal stability were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the n-tetradecane core material was successfully encapsulated by silica shell material with encapsulation ratio of 62.04%. The MEPCM had a melting enthalpy of 140.5 kJ kg–1 and thermal conductivity of 0.139 W m–1 K–1. Because of its excellent thermal performance and thermal stability, silica/n-tetradecane MEPCM displays a good potential for cold energy storage.

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Application of calcium chloride as an additive for secondary refrigerant in the air conditioning system type chiller to minimized energy consumption

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Salt Confined in MIL‐101(Cr)‐Tailoring the Composite Sorbents for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting

Salt Confined in MIL‐101(Cr)‐Tailoring the Composite Sorbents for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting

Carbon Nanotube/Hygroscopic Salt Nanocomposites with Dual‐Functionality of Effective Cooling and Fire Resistance for Safe and Ultrahigh‐Rate Operation of Practical Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Preparation and Thermal Performance of Silica/n-Tetradecane Microencapsulated Phase Change Material for Cold Energy Storage

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