Application of bismuth bulk annular band electrode for determination of ultratrace concentrations of thallium(I) using stripping voltammetry

Recent Advances and Perspective on Design and Synthesis of Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metals

“…Recently, bismuth, as a promising substitute for Hg, has shown great potential in electrochemical sensing of heavy metals due to its low toxicity, large cathodic potential range, insensitivity to dissolved oxygen, and the ability to form alloy with certain heavy metals . Different analytes in environmental samples including but not limited to Pb and Cd, Ni, Co, and Tl have been successfully determined. Strategies of bismuth loading onto the electrode are listed in Table .…”

“…The functional materials usually consist of conductive frameworks with functional component containing rich metal attachment sites and/or binding agents, including carbon, bismuth, MOF, and a fixed mass of graphite powder or liquid paraffin. Paste electrodes have been used to test analytes of concern combining the advantages of high stability of GCE and high performance of electrochemical performance of composite material. Bismuth/poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene) modified carbon paste electrode has shown superior performance in Pb 2+ detection due to the strong interactions between the metallic ions and amino groups of the polymer matrices .…”

Optimizing the Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Method With a Hanging Mercury Electrode for Thallium (I) Determination in the Presence of Lead (Ii) and Copper (Ii) for Application in Contaminated Soils

“…The stripping step can be either linear, staircase, squarewave, or pulse. Recently in the literature the use of other electrodes for thallium determination has been reported, such as bismuth bulk annular band electrode (BiABE) (Wegial et al 2016) and a hanging galinstan drop electrode (HGDE) (Surmann and Channaa 2015).…”

“…The voltamperometric peak of Pb(II) (-0.38 V) appears very near the Tl(I) peak (-0.44 V). However, application of a Pb(II) complexing agent, which does not complex Tl(I), such as EDTA (Wegial et al 2016) reduces this effect because it causes a shift of the Pb(II) peak to more negative potentials (-0.5 to -0.6 V) (Ngila et al 2005), which allows a thousand-fold Pb(II) tolerance in excess of Tl(I) (Dhaneswar andZarparkar 1980, Lukaszewski et al 2003).…”

Square‐wave Amplitude Effect in Cathodic and Anodic Stripping Square‐wave Voltammetry

“…Among different approaches, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is considered to be a powerful technique in the detection of metal traces. A high sensitivity with a detection limit of down to 10 −10 M, and multianalyte detection, together with rather cheap instrumentation and low operation costs, are its main attributes . Moreover, easy miniaturization and possible in‐field manipulation make ASV the method of choice for heavy metal ion detection.…”