Application of Biostimulants Containing Amino Acids to Tomatoes Could Favor Sustainable Cultivation: Implications for Tyrosine, Lysine, and Methionine

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide as per its production and the surface cultivated. The use of biostimulant products plays a fundamental role in mitigating the negative effects of climate change and reducing the use of conventional fertilizers. Many of these products are formulated with amino acids (AAs). This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of the foliar application of tyrosine (Tyr) (15 mM), lysine (Lys) (15 mM), methionine (Met) (15 mM), and a Tyr + Lys + Met (15 mM + 15 mM + 15 mM) mixture on the physiological and metabolic processes, vegetative growth, and nutritional state of Optima variety tomato plants. The results showed that application of the AAs, individually and combined, was beneficial for the growth of the aerial part, net assimilation of CO2, and water use efficiency (WUE). Application of Tyr resulted in the best WUE. The metabolomics study revealed that AA treatments increased the concentration of proline, fructose, and glucose, whose role was to stimulate glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Thus, the plants could have greater reduction power and energy, as well as more carbon molecules for their growth processes.

Systematic Investigation of the Effects of Seven Plant Extracts on the Physiological Parameters, Yield, and Nutritional Quality of Radish (Raphanus sativus var. sativus)

“…They may contain protein hydrolysates, humic substances, algal and botanical extracts, inorganic compounds (e.g., Si), growthpromoting bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi (D'Addabbo et al, 2019;Cozzolino et al, 2020), amino acids, chitin, chitosan, vitamins, and poly-and oligosaccharides (Bulgari et al, 2015). The beneficial effects of biostimulants are not associated with their macro-and micronutrient composition but rather with their content of activating compounds, like endogenous hormones, small peptides, free amino acids, phenolics, and triacontanol (Ertani et al, 2014;Yakhin et al, 2017), which may affect plant metabolisms by triggering glycolysis enzyme activities, the Krebs cycle, and nitrate assimilation (Ertani et al, 2009;Colla et al, 2015Colla et al, , 2017Yakhin et al, 2017;Palumbo et al, 2018;Sandhu et al, 2018;Alfosea-Simón et al, 2020;Cozzolino et al, 2020;Francesca et al, 2020). On the other hand, if their biological activity depends on the presence of natural plant hormones, they ought to be classified as plant growth regulators (Bulgari et al, 2015).…”

Quantification of salt stress in wheat leaves by Raman spectroscopy and machine learning

“…Farhangi-Abriz and Ghassemi-Golezani 28 obtained similar results to our study on soybean. Alfosea-Simon et al, on the other hand, showed that giving amino acids such as methionine, lysine, and tyrosine exogenously to tomatoes reduced the harmful effects of salt stress in their study 29 .…”

Quantification of salt stress in wheat leaves by Raman spectroscopy and machine learning

“…AlfoseaSimon et al ., (2020) on the other hand, showed that giving amino acids such as methionine, lysine, and tyrosine exogenously to tomatoes reduced the harmful effects of salt stress in their study. 33…”

“…Alfosea-Simon et al, (2020) on the other hand, showed that giving amino acids such as methionine, lysine, and tyrosine exogenously to tomatoes reduced the harmful effects of salt stress in their study. 33 The changes in the Raman shift are a sign of molecular structure change in the plant we measured. As the number of oxidative stress products increases with the increasing salt levels, the Amide I band positions 34 and the level of proteins during stress change.…”