Application of Bioglass in the Treatment of Fractures and Defects of Long Bones

Abstract

One of the most promising trends in contemporary traumatology and orthopaedics towards the treatment of fractures and bone defects is the use of synthetic calcium-phosphate biomaterials. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of bone defect healing in rats during the implantation of calcium phosphate glass crystalline materials, and to substantiate the feasibility of the use of bioglass in the clinical treatment of fractures and defects of long bones. Materials and methods. In this study we used bioactive calcium-phosphate glass crystal material BS-11. The experimental part was performed on 36 white rats. The animals were subjected to defect modelling in the femur with following bioglass filling. Results. We observed the formation of osteogenic fibroreticular tissue and bone tissue of varying degrees of maturity around the implanted filling samples through all the healing periods. The relative content of bone tissue in the surrounding regenerated tissue around the studied samples BS-11 increased in parallel with the increase of the observation period and reached 100% in 30 days after the surgical operation and at the end of the study we registered the formation of bone tissue of the lamellar structure around the samples inserted. We observed no signs of inflammation or any cellular reaction in any of the cases studies that points out the biocompatibility of the material. Conclusions. Morphological study has demonstrated that the insertion of cylindrical blocks made of glass-crystalline calcium phosphate materials BC-11 in the distal metaphysis of the femur of rats and healing is accompanied with osteoregeneration around them in accordance with the conventional stages of the bone tissue formation. This material can be recommended for treating long bone defects of different aetiology.