Application of Biodegradable Pesticides in India

Murti, C. R. Krishna; Dikshith, T. S. S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4088-1_10

Biodegradation of Pesticides 1982

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4088-1_10

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Application of Biodegradable Pesticides in India

C. R. Krishna Murti¹,

T. S. S. Dikshith²

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Cited by 6 publications

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“…Although banned in some countries, DDT is widely used in developing countries (17,18), and this insecticide and its derivatives are well established as environmental contaminants (19,20). DDT accumulates in lipid tissues and is progressively metabolized to DDE (21,22), which is more persistent than its parent compound.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Contaminant DDE Fails to Influence the Outcome of Sexual Differentiation in the Marine Turtle Chelonia mydas

Podreka¹,

Georges²,

Maher³

et al. 1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and Brogan & Partners are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Environmental Health Perspectives. In many turtles, the temperature experienced during the middle of egg incubation determines the sex of the offspring. The implication of steroid sex hormones as the proximate trigger for sex determination opens the possibility that endocrine-disrupting contaminants may also influence the outcome of sexual differentiation. In this study we investigate the potential effects of DDE (a common DDT metabolite) on sexual differentiation of Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle). Four clutches of eggs collected from Heron Island, Queensland, Australia, were treated with DDE at the beginning of the thermosensitive period for sexual determination. An incubation temperature of 28?C or less produces male hatchlings in this species, whereas 30?C or more produces female hatchlings. Dosed eggs were consequently incubated at two temperatures (27.6?C and 30.4?C) on the upper and lower boundaries of the sex determination threshold for this species. DDE, ranging from 3.3 to 66.5 pug, was dissolved in 5, 10, and 25 pl ethanol and applied to eggshells above the embryo. Less than 2.5 ng/g DDE was present in eggs prior to dosing. Approximately 34% of the applied DDE was absorbed in the eggs, but only approximately 8% of applied DDE was found in embryos. Thus, treated eggs, corrected for background DDE, had up to 543 ng/g DDE. The sex ratio at these doses did not differ from what would be expected on consideration of temperature alone. Incubation time, hatching success, incidence of body deformities, hatching size, and weight were also within the limits of healthy developed hatchlings. This indicates that the eggs of C. mydas in the wild with concentrations of DDE less than 543 ng/g should produce hatchlings with relatively high hatching success, survival rate, and normally differentiated gonads.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Contaminant DDE Fails to Influence the Outcome of Sexual Differentiation in the Marine Turtle Chelonia mydas

Podreka¹,

Georges²,

Maher³

et al. 1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Transport und Verbleib organischer Verbindungen im globalen Rahmen

Ballschmiter

1992

Angewandte Chemie

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Transport and Fate of Organic Compounds in the Global Environment

Ballschmiter

1992

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.

110

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Dedicated to Professor Heinz Hurnisch on the occasion of his 65th birthdayThe role of chemistry in our soon-to-be global industrial society requires a global perspective for the discussion of the uptake, transport, and conversion of chemical compounds in the environment. The fate of organic compounds in the volume flow of the atmosphere and hydrosphere can be categorized into transport pathways and adjustments of equilibria in the multiphase system atmosphere-oceans-land surface. The global volume flow in the atmosphere (wind, areas of high and low pressure) and in the hydrosphere (rivers, circulation of water in lakes, ocean currents) alone would account for the transport of organic compounds if they were stable and if all these compounds were molecularly distributed in these phases. However, this particular case is observed only for volatile chlorofluorocarbons and tetrachloromethane. For most organic compounds, complex adsorption/desorption processes on finely dispersed particle phases in the air and water as well as abiotic and biotic transformations determine the transport behavior.The global fate of a compound includes its accumulation as well as its decomposition in defined environmental compartments. Both phenomenon may have long-term consequences in the affected areas; this is indicated by the accumulation of polychlorobiphenyls and analogous compounds in marine mammals and deep-sea fauna, and is evident in the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere. The accepted definition of the level of a risk, the product of the probability of an event and the potential amount of damage, takes on a new dimension when viewed from a global perspective-especially when one further connects the extent of the damage to the possible means of correction. It is the responsibility of scientists to point out the irreparable regional to global consequences directly and indirectly connected to the production of chemicals and to provide suggestions for prevention. Politicians can only react by applying their methods to limit the damage; however, they cannot generate any solutions based on science.

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Application of Biodegradable Pesticides in India

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

The Environmental Contaminant DDE Fails to Influence the Outcome of Sexual Differentiation in the Marine Turtle Chelonia mydas

The Environmental Contaminant DDE Fails to Influence the Outcome of Sexual Differentiation in the Marine Turtle Chelonia mydas

Transport und Verbleib organischer Verbindungen im globalen Rahmen

Transport and Fate of Organic Compounds in the Global Environment

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