Application of Bender Elements Technique in Testing of Anthropogenic Soil—Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Its Mixture with Rubber Chips

Gabryś, Katarzyna; Sas, Wojciech; Soból, Emil; Głuchowski, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/app7070741

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…They are both considered as typical techniques applied in the time-domain (TD). The time-domain methods generally determine the travel time directly from the time lag between the transmitted and received signals [ 24 , 43 , 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET

et al. 2021

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After obtaining the value of shear wave velocity (VS) from the bender elements test (BET), the shear modulus of soils at small strains (Gmax) can be estimated. Shear wave velocity is an important parameter in the design of geo-structures subjected to static and dynamic loading. While bender elements are increasingly used in both academic and commercial laboratory test systems, there remains a lack of agreement when interpreting the shear wave travel time from these tests. Based on the test data of 12 Warsaw glacial quartz samples of sand, primarily two different approaches were examined for determining VS. They are both related to the observation of the source and received BE signal, namely, the first time of arrival and the peak-to-peak method. These methods were performed through visual analysis of BET data by the authors, so that subjective travel time estimates were produced. Subsequently, automated analysis methods from the GDS Bender Element Analysis Tool (BEAT) were applied. Here, three techniques in the time-domain (TD) were selected, namely, the peak-to-peak, the zero-crossing, and the cross-correlation function. Additionally, a cross-power spectrum calculation of the signals was completed, viewed as a frequency-domain (FD) method. Final comparisons between subjective observational analyses and automated interpretations of BET results showed good agreement. There is compatibility especially between the two methods: the first time of arrival and the cross-correlation, which the authors considered the best interpreting techniques for their soils. Moreover, the laboratory tests were performed on compact, medium, and well-grained sand samples with different curvature coefficient and mean grain size. Investigation of the influence of the grain-size characteristics of quartz sand on shear wave velocity demonstrated that VS is larger for higher values of the uniformity coefficient, while it is rather independent of the curvature coefficient and the mean grain size.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET

et al. 2021

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“…RCAs can be used as aggregate for earth construction. They are mainly used in road engineering, in which their geotechnical parameters (strength and deformation susceptibility) have already been recognized [19,20].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Recycled Concrete Aggregate’s Water Permeability Coefficient as Earth Construction Material with the Application of an Analytical Method

2019

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Creating models based on empirical data and their statistical measurements have been used for a long time in the economic sciences. Increasingly, these methods are used in the technical sciences, such as construction and geotechnical engineering. This allows for reducing the costs of geotechnical research at the design stage. This article presents the research carried out on Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) material with is reclaimed crushed concrete rubble. Permeability tests were carried out using the constant head method. Tests were conducted on blends of RCA with the following particle size ranges: 0.02–16 mm, 0.05–16 mm, 0.1–16 mm, and 0.2–16 mm. The gradients used during the tests were between 0.2 to 0.83, which corresponds to gradients encountered in earth construction and are below the critical gradient. Directly from the tests, the flux velocity for the range of tested gradients were calculated based on filtered water volume measurements. The values of the permeability coefficient (k) were then recalculated. Finally, statistical methods were used to determine which physical parameters of the tested material affect the permeability coefficient. The physical parameters selected from the statistical analysis were used to create a model describing the phenomenon. The model can be used to determine the permeability coefficient for a mixed RCA material. The article ends with conclusions and proposals concerning the use of models and the limits of their applicability.

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“…Likewise, using an underlying layer of TDA for shallow foundations results in a substantial improvement in transferring the stresses and reducing the stress influence zone beneath the foundation [21]. TDA was also used in dynamics and vibration control applications (e.g., [22][23][24][25]). For instance, Moussa and El Naggar [25] found that TDA-infilled buried trenches could substantially improve the buried infilled trenches' effectiveness to mitigate ground-borne vibrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Particle Size on TDA Shear Strength Parameters in Triaxial Tests

Naggar

Zahran

2021

Buildings

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Tire recycling and reuse in North America and worldwide have increased considerably, intending to reduce the harmful effects of scrap tires on the environment. Accordingly, the use of tire derived aggregates (TDA) as backfill material in civil engineering applications is on the rise at an unprecedented rate. However, to use TDA in the construction industry, its strength and stiffness parameters properties must be evaluated. One key factor that is known to influence the strength and stiffness of backfill material is the particle size of the used material. Hence, in this paper, a series of large-scale triaxial tests on five TDA samples with different maximum particle size, Dmax, of 19.05, 25.4, 38.1, 50.8 and 76.2 mm were conducted to investigate the effect of the particle size on the obtained results. The tests were done under consolidated drained conditions using three confining pressures of 50, 100, and 200 kPa. The results showed that the shear strength of TDA increase by increasing the maximum particle size while the cohesion did not show a specific trend. Moreover, the samples exhibited an increase in the secant elastic modulus by increasing the particle size.

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Application of Bender Elements Technique in Testing of Anthropogenic Soil—Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Its Mixture with Rubber Chips

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET

Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET

Estimation of Recycled Concrete Aggregate’s Water Permeability Coefficient as Earth Construction Material with the Application of an Analytical Method

Effect of the Particle Size on TDA Shear Strength Parameters in Triaxial Tests

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