Application of atomic force microscopy in bitumen materials at the nanoscale: A review

Xing, Chengwei; Jian, Wei; Li, Mingchen; Wang, Ming; Xiao, Jingjing; Xu, Zhoucong

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128059

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The new characteristic index was the SBS degradation index ( I B/S ), which uses the polybutadiene peak as the characteristic peak and the polystyrene peak as the reference peak [ 23 ]. The study showed that the I B/S is reasonable for presenting the degradation degree of SBS under an ATR scanning environment [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The different characteristic indices were calculated as follows [ 23 ]:

where A 1700 is the infrared absorption peak belonging to the 1700 cm −1 ; the Σ AR are the peak areas of the asphalt functional groups in the range of 680~3600 cm −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Anti-Aging Performance Enhancement of Polymer Modified Asphalt with High Linear SBS Content

Han

Zhang

2023

Polymers

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Modified asphalt with high content SBS is widely used in asphalt pavement due to its excellent high and low temperature performance. However, its anti-aging performance is insufficient. In order to improve the anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt, nano-ZnO, nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2 and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) were added to high content (6.5 wt%) linear SBS modified asphalt as anti-aging agents in this study. Moreover, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Fluorescence Microscope, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed to reveal the mechanism, through the investigation of the rheological and microscopic properties of modified asphalt before and after aging. The results showed that the influence of nanoparticles on the rutting resistance and fatigue resistance of high content SBS modified asphalt is weak, mainly because there is only weak physical interaction between nanoparticles and the SBS modifier, but no obvious chemical reaction. The significant cross-networking structure of high content SBS modified asphalt even has an adverse effect on the anti-aging performance of nano-modifiers. However, PPA obviously makes the cross-linked network structure of SBS modified asphalt more compact, and significantly improves the performance after short-term aging and long-term aging, mainly due to the chemical reaction between PPA and the active groups in SBS modified asphalt.

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where A 1700 is the infrared absorption peak belonging to the 1700 cm −1 ; the Σ AR are the peak areas of the asphalt functional groups in the range of 680~3600 cm −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Anti-Aging Performance Enhancement of Polymer Modified Asphalt with High Linear SBS Content

Han

Zhang

2023

Polymers

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“…The bee-like structures in SBSPAV grow and become more abundant after long-term aging, as shown in the phase diagram. 43,44 The bee-like structure is mainly composed of asphaltene and wax, and aging leads to an increase in the asphaltene content in asphalt; therefore, the volume and quantity of bee-like structures increase. After adding ESO to SBSPAV, the number of bee-like structures decreases because ESO provides sufficient light components for SBSPAV, and the content of asphaltene decreases.…”

Section: Acs Sustainablementioning

confidence: 99%

Development on the Rheological Properties and Micromorphology of Active Reagent-Rejuvenated SBS-Modified Asphalt

Shi

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This study aimed to improve the recycling efficiency of waste styrene−butadiene−styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt pavements and achieve sustainable road resource development. The SBS-modified asphalt aged in a pressure aging vessel (SBSPAV) was rejuvenated utilizing active reagents [i.e., methylene-bis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate) (HMDI) and 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether (HDE)] and epoxy soybean oil (ESO). The HMDI type (HMDI combined with ESO) and HDE type (HDE combined with ESO) were used as rejuvenators. The rheological behavior of rejuvenated asphalt binders at medium and high temperatures was evaluated utilizing multiple stress creep recovery tests, linear amplitude sweep tests, and rotational viscosity tests. The high-temperature rutting resistance, medium-temperature fatigue resistance, and fluidity of the rejuvenated asphalt were evaluated. The micromorphology, roughness, and adhesion of the rejuvenated asphalt were evaluated by atomic force microscopy. The thermal stability of the rejuvenated asphalt was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results reveal that the HMDI-rejuvenated asphalt combines with the active hydrogen in SBSPAV to generate a stable chemical structure that benefits the rutting resistance and traffic load grade of the rejuvenated asphalt. Due to the increase in stiffness, the fatigue resistance of the HMDI-rejuvenated asphalt could be damaged to some extent. The residual epoxy functional groups in the HDE-rejuvenated asphalt are dispersed in the asphalt in an independent phase state, which reduces the elastic recovery ability. The stiffness of the rejuvenated asphalt is lowered because it has a more flexible structure. The anti-fatigue effectiveness of the HDE-rejuvenated asphalt is improved. HMDI can boost the intermolecular force of the rejuvenated asphalt while decreasing its temperature sensitivity. The viscosity of the rejuvenated asphalt gradually decreases as the HDE content increases. This occurs because HDE combines with SBSPAV to generate flexible segments, thereby increasing the flexibility of the asphalt colloids. HMDI and SBSPAV undergo a chemical reaction, which partially repairs the structure of SBS and inhibits the free diffusion of the asphalt molecules. The number of the HMDI-rejuvenated asphalt bee-like structures increases, while the volume drops and adhesion increases. The number and volume of the bee-like structures decreased and adhesion increased as the HDE content increased. This occurs because HDE contains a high concentration of light components, which minimizes the amount of asphaltene in SBSPAV. Thermogravimetric analysis tests show that the HDE-rejuvenated asphalt and HMDI-rejuvenated asphalt have good thermal stability.

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“…However, the scientific observation of HVMB microstructure is still very challenging due to the limitations of observation tools and research techniques. Some scholars have used optical microscopy, scanning microscopy, and atomic force microscopy to observe the microstructure of the binder. − Researchers discovered numerous wave-like dispersed structures resembling bees on the surface of the binder, which Loeber et al defined as ″bee structures″ due to their appearance . Subsequently, Masson et al classified the bitumen microstructure into catanaphase (bee structure), periphase, paraphase, and salphase, which are thermally reversible interphase transitions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microevolution of Polymer–Bitumen Phase Interaction in High-Viscosity Modified Bitumen during the Aging of Reactive Oxygen Species

Hofko

Sun

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the microevolution of the bitumen microstructure, polymer phase, and polymer–bitumen interaction of high-viscosity modified bitumen (HVMB) in reactive oxygen species (ROS) aging using the Viennese binder aging (VBA) method. First, the VBA system was utilized to age HVMB with different ROS concentrations. Then, an optical inverse bright-field, dark-field, and fluorescence microscope (OIM) was used to observe the bitumen microstructure, its evolution, and polymer structure degradation of HVMB during ROS aging. Afterward, ImageJ software was applied to quantitatively assess the bee structure size characteristics of bitumen and the distribution characteristics of the polymer. Finally, the differences in the distribution features of bee structures in the polymer zone (PZ) and non-polymer zone (NPZ) were counted to understand the polymer–bitumen interaction during ROS aging. The results show that the existence of polymers affects the distribution state of bee structures in bitumen significantly. The area ratio of bee structures and the average area of bee structures in HVMB both progressively rise with an increase in ROS concentration, although both are much less than those in base bitumen (BB). The destruction of the polymer phase starts from the inside of polymers during ROS aging. As the ROS concentration increases, the polymer degrades from the intact network structure to isolated small molecules. Polymer–bitumen interactions are widespread in HVMB. A large number of bitumen bee structures are also present in the PZ of HVMB. Moreover, the bee structures considerably grow in the PZ as opposed to the NPZ during ROS aging. The clarification of these microstructural characteristics lays the foundation for a deeper comprehension of the aging mechanism of HVMB induced by ROS.

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Application of atomic force microscopy in bitumen materials at the nanoscale: A review

Cited by 56 publications

References 92 publications

Study on Anti-Aging Performance Enhancement of Polymer Modified Asphalt with High Linear SBS Content

Study on Anti-Aging Performance Enhancement of Polymer Modified Asphalt with High Linear SBS Content

Development on the Rheological Properties and Micromorphology of Active Reagent-Rejuvenated SBS-Modified Asphalt

Microevolution of Polymer–Bitumen Phase Interaction in High-Viscosity Modified Bitumen during the Aging of Reactive Oxygen Species

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