Application of Artificial Neural Network to Nucleic Acid Analysis: Accurate Discrimination for Untypical Real-Time Fluorescence Curves With High Specificity and Sensitivity

Abstract

As a division of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), convective PCR (CPCR) is able to achieve highly efficient thermal cycling based on free thermal convection with pseudo-isothermal heating, which could be beneficial to point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid analysis. Similar to traditional PCR or isothermal amplification, due to a couple of issues, e.g., reagent, primer design, reactor, reaction dynamics, amplification status, temperature and heating condition, and other reasons, in some cases of CPCR tests, untypical real-time fluorescence curves with positive or negative tests will show up. Especially, when parts of the characteristics between untypical low-positive and negative tests are mixed together, it is difficult to discriminate between them using traditional cycle threshold (Ct) value method. To handle this issue which may occur in CPCR, traditional PCR or isothermal amplification, as an example, instead of using complicated mathematical modeling and signal processing strategy, an artificial intelligence (AI) classification method with artificial neural network (ANN) modeling is developed to improve the accuracy of nucleic acid detection. It has been proven that both the detection specificity and sensitivity can be significantly improved even with a simple ANN model. It can be estimated that, the developed method based on AI modeling can be adopted to solve similar problem with PCR, or isothermal amplification methods.

Rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens based on nucleic acid amplification: Recent advances, remaining challenges, and possible opportunities

“…Perhaps, as suggested by Wang et al (2023) , employing artificial intelligence (AI) for assessing the image difference may overcome this problem. Although combining NAA methods with AI has not been tested in the food safety area, this approach has been tested in other fields ( Miao et al, 2023 , Xie et al, 2022b ). Finally, guidelines for validating NAA-based methods for detecting microbial pathogens in foods should be established.…”