Application of anion-conducting lanthanum oxychloride for potentiometric chlorine gas sensors

Nanoconfined Iron Oxychloride Material as a High-Performance Cathode for Rechargeable Chloride Ion Batteries

“…Metal oxychlorides MO x Cl y (M = transition or rare earth metal) are a group of chemical compounds in which both oxygen and chlorine atoms are bonded to a metal element. They have strong in-plane M–O chemical bonds and weak out-of-plane van der Waals interaction between adjacent Cl–Cl layers. , This structure could facilitate the separation and transport of charge carriers, , contributing to the development of metal oxychlorides as high-efficiency photocatalysts for water splitting, environment remediation, and hydrogen production under UV or visible light. − The electronic, magnetic, and photoluminescent behaviors of metal oxychlorides are also of great interest. − Furthermore, applications of metal oxychlorides in glucose and gas sensors and Fenton-like catalysts for degradation of organic contaminants were also developed. − Recently, owing to high stability, desired high theoretical energy density, and chlorine resources, metal oxychlorides such as BiOCl, FeOCl, and VOCl have been employed as cathode materials for chloride ion batteries (CIBs), which is a new rechargeable battery based on chloride ion transfer, using Li or Mg as the anode material. − …”

Influence of type of precursors on the sol-gel synthesis of the LaCoO3 nanoparticles

“…The XRD patterns for LaCoO 3 For LaCoO 3 sample obtained from chloride precursors, it is noted that in addition LaCoO 3 also contains impurities such LaOCl and Co 3 O 4 that do not disappear even at a higher treatment temperature (Figure 1). Dziubaniuket al 16 show in their study that the LaOCl phase has been formed starting with 550 0 C and remain stable at high temperature. The All these can be attributed to the formation of LaCoO 3 rhombohedral structure.…”

“…XRD analysis was performed with a Huber diffractometer at room temperature, data being handled by FULLPROF 2000. 16 The infrared spectra were recorded using a Fourier transmission infrared spectrometer, Jasco 660 Plus in the range 4000-400 cm -1 , in KBr disk.…”

Sensing Techniques on Determination of Chlorine Gas and Free Chlorine in Water

“…In water purification processes, Cl 2 is dissolved in the water as a disinfecting agent to prevent bacterial contamination of the water [51][52][53]. Cl 2 is commonly used as a sterilising reagent in various fields such as in healthcare, drinking water, and swimming pool and for sewage treatment [29,54,55]. In chemical industries, chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) is widely used as an industrial reagent in the manufacture of many products as presented in Figure 5, such as isocyanate epoxy resins, chloromethane compounds, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), herbicide, pesticide, gasoline additives, antifreeze Electron affinity (eV) 3.75 5 Journal of Sensors compounds, and brake fluids, as well as in the production of prevalent metals such as magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), and platinum (Pt) in aeronautic industries [56,57].…”

“…Exposure to higher concentrations of Cl 2 gas (from 60 ppm) will lead to irreversible lung damage, while exposure to even higher concentrations such as 430 ppm for 30 min will lead to life-threatening effects (Figure 2). When exposed to even higher concentrations such as when the concentration exceeds 1000 ppm, death may occur within a minute of the exposure [28,29]. Thus, the threshold level of Cl 2 gas detec-tion is applied at 0.5 ppm for human health and environmental safety.…”