Application of an optical clearing agent during noninvasive laser coagulation of the canine vas deferens

Cilip, Christopher M.; Ross, Ashley E.; Jarow, Jonathan P.; Fried, Nathaniel M.

doi:10.1117/1.3463009

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…A residual water layer present on the skin surface after the cryogen spurt during the procedure may strongly absorb the 980 nm laser radiation, resulting in a much higher temperature rise on the skin surface than for the 808 and 1075 nm wavelengths. It should also be noted that although this study was performed using only canine vas deferens and scrotal skin tissue, ex vivo, we have observed consistent results in previous studies when progressing from ex vivo to in vivo studies [7,8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Comparison of 808, 980, and 1075nm lasers for noninvasive thermal coagulation of the canine vas deferens, ex vivo

2011

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Successful noninvasive laser coagulation of the canine vas deferens, in vivo, has been previously reported. However, the therapeutic window for treatment is relatively narrow. This study determines the dependence of vas thermal coagulation on laser wavelength for development of a noninvasive laser vasectomy procedure. Noninvasive laser coagulation of canine vas tissue, ex vivo, was performed using three commonly available near-infrared laser wavelengths: 808, 980, and 1075 nm. Each laser delivered an average power of 9.2 W, 500-ms pulse duration, pulse rate of 1.0-Hz, and 3.2-mm diameter laser spot, synchronized with cryogen spray cooling of the scrotal skin surface for a total treatment time of 60 s. Vas burst pressures were measured to determine strength of vas closure and compared to previously reported ejaculation pressures. Gross inspection of vas and scrotal skin was also performed immediately after the procedure as an indicator of thermal coagulation and skin burns. The 1075 nm laser produced the highest vas burst pressures (288 ± 28 mmHg), significantly greater than previously reported ejaculation pressures (136 ± 29 mmHg). The 808 nm wavelength produced insufficient vas burst pressures of 141 ± 61 mmHg, and minor scrotal skin burns were observed in at least one case. The 980 nm wavelength was unable to produce thermal coagulation of the vas, with low burst pressures (89 ± 58 mmHg) and severe scrotal skin burns. The 1075 nm wavelength was the only near-IR wavelength that consistently thermally coagulated the vas with a strong degree of closure and without any scrotal skin burns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…During previous studies, we have reported successful targeting, thermal occlusion, and scarring of the vas while preventing scrotal skin injury in ex vivo and in vivo canine models [7,8]. However, the therapeutic window for treatment is relatively narrow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparison of 808, 980, and 1075nm lasers for noninvasive thermal coagulation of the canine vas deferens, ex vivo

2011

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“…15 The thermal lesion length is strongly correlated with the 3-mm-diameter laser spot used in these studies and is also similar to measurements reported in previous studies. [7][8][9]14 The thermally coagulated vas was excised for examination to verify the OCT and HFUS images. Figure 5 shows a representative image of the thermally coagulated vas segment, which can be identified by several indicators including blanching and shrinkage of the vas wall.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the experimental setup have been previously reported. 9 A modified, 4-mm-OD, vasectomy ring clamp was used to manually isolate the vas beneath the scrotal skin surface for co-location with the cryogen and laser spots ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During previous preliminary noninvasive laser vasectomy studies, we reported successful thermal occlusion and scarring of the vas in both ex vivo and in vivo canine models, [7][8][9] with the thermally coagulated vas segment withstanding burst pressures over twice that of normal canine ejaculation pressures. 10 However, this completely noninvasive therapeutic procedure may still benefit from the use of a compact and inexpensive imaging modality to confirm, in real time, accurate targeting, thermal coagulation, and occlusion of the vas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound imaging during noninvasive laser vasectomy

2012

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Abstract.A noninvasive approach to vasectomy may eliminate male fear of complications related to surgery and increase its acceptance. Noninvasive laser thermal occlusion of the canine vas deferens has recently been reported. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) are compared for monitoring laser thermal coagulation of the vas in an acute canine model. Bilateral noninvasive laser coagulation of the vas was performed in six dogs (n ¼ 12 vasa) using a Ytterbium fiber laser wavelength of 1075 nm, incident power of 9.0 W, pulse duration of 500 ms, pulse rate of 1 Hz, and 3-mm-diameter spot. Cryogen spray cooling was used to prevent skin burns during the procedure. An OCT system with endoscopic probe and a HFUS system with 20-MHz transducer were used to image the vas immediately before and after the procedure. Vasa were then excised and processed for gross and histologic analysis for comparison with OCT and HFUS images. OCT provided high-resolution, superficial imaging of the compressed vas within the vas ring clamp, while HFUS provided deeper imaging of the vas held manually in the scrotal fold. Both OCT and high HFUS are promising imaging modalities for real-time confirmation of vas occlusion during noninvasive laser vasectomy.

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Recent progress in tissue optical clearing

Zhu

Larin

Luo

et al. 2013

Laser & Photonics Reviews

331

269

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Tissue optical clearing technique provides a prospective solution for the application of advanced optical methods in life sciences. This paper gives a review of recent developments in tissue optical clearing techniques. The physical, molecular and physiological mechanisms of tissue optical clearing are overviewed and discussed. Various methods for enhancing penetration of optical-clearing agents into tissue, such as physical methods, chemical-penetration enhancers and combination of physical and chemical methods are introduced. Combining the tissue optical clearing technique with advanced microscopy image or labeling technique, applications for 3D microstructure of whole tissues such as brain and central nervous system with unprecedented resolution are demonstrated. Moreover, the difference in diffusion and/or clearing ability of selected agents in healthy versus pathological tissues can provide a highly sensitive indicator of the tissue health/pathology condition. Finally, recent advances in optical clearing of soft or hard tissue for in vivo imaging and phototherapy are introduced.

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Application of an optical clearing agent during noninvasive laser coagulation of the canine vas deferens

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison of 808, 980, and 1075nm lasers for noninvasive thermal coagulation of the canine vas deferens, ex vivo

Comparison of 808, 980, and 1075nm lasers for noninvasive thermal coagulation of the canine vas deferens, ex vivo

Application of optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound imaging during noninvasive laser vasectomy

Recent progress in tissue optical clearing

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