Application of an Integrated 3D–2D Modeling Approach for Pillar Support Design in a Western US Underground Coal Mine

Abstract

Discontinuum Bonded Block Modeling (BBM) represents a potential tool for support design, as these models can reproduce both the rock fracturing process and the influence of reinforcement on unsupported ground. Despite their strengths, discontinuum models are seldom used for mining design due to their computationally intensive nature. This study is an application of an integrated 3D continuum–2D discontinuum approach, in which the mine-wide stress distribution process is modeled using a continuum software, and the local deformation behavior in response to a strain path from the continuum model is simulated with a 2D discontinuum software. In June 2017, two multi-point borehole extensometers were installed in a longwall chain pillar to record ground displacements as a function of the longwall face position. The data from one of the extensometers were employed to calibrate a panel-scale FLAC3D model. The boundary conditions along the pillar slice containing the extensometer were extracted from the FLAC3D model and applied to a 2D BBM, and the input parameters were modified to match the extensometer data. The calibrated BBM was able to reproduce the unsupported rib deformation and depth of the fracturing well. Subsequently, a few support schemes were tested to demonstrate how the incorporation of support might affect rib deformation.

Spatial Digital Twin Architecture for the Field Design Process of Oil and Gas Projects in Australia

“…Currently, large mining companies in the oil and gas sector are increasingly adopting and utilising advanced digital technologies (such as digital twins, deep learning, AI, robotics, big data analytics, and smart construction) to enhance their business operations across every department [5]. In practice, most of the extraction and processing operations are moving towards digital transformation [6], including information associated with field designs, are represented in the form of digital 2D plans [7]. These 2D-based design plans are constrained by three key aspects [8][9][10].…”