Application of an Information Model to Schizophrenia: Relationship of Relevancy to Irrelevancy

Alumbaugh, Richard V.; Sweney, Arthur B.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1973.32.2.519

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…36). '1 ( 1 performance deficit that is apparent in the comparison of short-and long-term patients. SUMMARY This study contrasted chronic and acute schizophrenics with inmate controls on a span of apprehension task with four levels of visual noise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of varying nois and information loads on visual information processing of schizophrenics

Alumbaugh¹

1976

J. Clin. Psychol.

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PROBLEMPrevious research on the span of apprehension@, lo, 'l) has shown that schizophrenics perform less well than controls when noise letters are presented with target letters. These researchers have hypothesized that the schizophrenic deficit is due to a malfunction of the central processor rather than t o a sensory store trace of the incoming stimulus. Accordingly, it has been argued that the span of apprehension task (' ) provides a convenient measure of the central processor deficit. la) suggest that as signal-noise similarity increases, performance on visual processing tasks decreases. Although researchers have investigated the qualitative variations of noise, few have investigated the quantitative variation of noise. A study by the present author that used a span of apprehension task with chronic schizophrenics suggests that chronic schizophrenics and institutionalized tubercular controls manifested a greater deficit on tasks of (1) increasing information levels and (2) increasing noise levels as compared to community controls.Another study that used college students (2) established that a significant interaction between noise and information levels was present. When the interaction was analyzed, significant differences were found between noise-level groups in the broad range of channel capacity suggested by Miller@), i e . , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12Most studies ( a * elements.The Dresent studv was designed to test whether such an interaction would be found wiih chronic and acute s&izophrenics. Increasing noise levels may impair performance to a greater degree with schizophrenics than controls as the number of elements to be processed approaches channel METHOD 12).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of varying nois and information loads on visual information processing of schizophrenics

Alumbaugh¹

1976

J. Clin. Psychol.

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The effects of vicarious reinforcement on modeling by schizophrenic hospital patients

Keyes¹,

Vane

1975

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Adult male schizophrenic Ss were exposed to a peer model under conditions of positive vicarious reinforcement, negative vicarious reinforcement, and no vicarious reinforcement. The degree to which the Ss imitated the behaviors of the model was not affected by the vicarious reinforcement, although the Ss did emit significantly more of the dependent measure behaviors than did a group of control Ss who had seen no model. The failure of the Ss to respond to the vicarious reinforcement was seen in terms of the inability of schizophrenics to attend to relevant detail.

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Relationships Between the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style and Psychiatric Sublcassification

DePalma¹,

Nideffer²

1977

Journal of Personality Assessment

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Examined the ability of a self-report measure of attentional and interpersonal characteristics to discriminate between groups of psychiatric patients and normal controls. Seventy-eight psychiatric patients and 30 nonpsychiatric medical inpatients completed the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS). Discriminant analyses of TAIS scores showed that: (a) psychiatric patients in comparison with normal controls described themselves as more overloaded by external and internal stimuli and as less effective in narrowing their attentional focus to task-relevant stimuli; (b) good premorbid schizophrenics appeared more externally overloaded and less able to narrow attentional focus than poor premorbid schizophrenics; and (c) psychotics and neurotics described themselves as more introverted and less pleasant in social encounters, while individuals diagnosed as character or personality disorders tended to be more extroverted and impulsive. The results were compatible with past experimental work and clinical reports identifying attentional and interpersonal differences among psychiatric subgroups.

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Application of an Information Model to Schizophrenia: Relationship of Relevancy to Irrelevancy

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

The effects of varying nois and information loads on visual information processing of schizophrenics

The effects of varying nois and information loads on visual information processing of schizophrenics

The effects of vicarious reinforcement on modeling by schizophrenic hospital patients

Relationships Between the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style and Psychiatric Sublcassification

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