Application of an Infiltrometer System for Describing Infiltration Into Soils

Brakensiek, D. L.; Rawls, W. J.; Hamon, W. Russell

doi:10.13031/2013.35013

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The primary role of the structural support is to enable the installation of water tank with drippers in the appropriate position and height. In addition to this, the structural support can also support the hydraulic water supply tank [39,40], wind protection in the form of a curtain [41][42][43] or pipes [28,[44][45][46][47], water supply hoses, various measuring equipment and accessories. It can be made of metal, plastic or wooden profiles, beams, slabs, pipes, cables and chains of different dimensions [4,8,19,29,40,[48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Structural Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research—Design Review

Rončević

Živanović

Ristić

et al. 2022

Water

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Dripping rainfall simulators are important instruments in soil research. However, a large number of non-standardized simulators have been developed, making it difficult to combine and compare the results of different studies in which they were used. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to become familiar with the design and performances of the current rainfall simulators. A search has been conducted for scientific papers describing dripping rainfall simulators (DRS) and papers that are thematically related to the soil research using DRS. Simulator design analysis was performed integrally, for simulators with more than one dripper (DRS>1) and with one dripper (DRS=1). Descriptive and numerical data were extracted from the papers and sorted by proposed categories, according to which the types and subtypes of used simulators are determined. The six groups of elements that simulators could consist of have been determined, as well their characteristics, representation and statistical analyses of the available numerical parameters. The characteristics of simulators are analyzed and presented, facilitating the selection of simulators for future research. Description of future simulators in accordance to the basic groups of simulator elements should provide all data necessary for their easier replication and provide a step closer to the reduction of design diversification and standardization of rainfall simulators intended for soil research.

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Section: Structural Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research—Design Review

Rončević

Živanović

Ristić

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Rainfall and runoff amounts and rates were measured at the outlet (lowest part; Figure 1) of each catchment with an automated system consisting of a tipping bucket rain gauge (Model TR525M; Texas Electronics, Dallas, TX), a 0.76‐m H‐flume of USDA specification (Brakensiek et al., 1979), a pressure transducer (17.24 kPa, −2.5 psi; Druck, New Fairfield, CT) located in the stilling well of the flume to measure depth of runoff across the flume, and a data logger (Model CR10X; Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT). Data loggers scanned the rain and depth sensors every 10 s, converted transducer readings into runoff rates using a standard flume calibration curve, and calculated and stored the 5‐min total rainfall and average flow rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing winter rye cover crop in a cotton no‐till system: Soil strength and runoff

et al. 2021

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Grazing cover crops (CC) could provide an economic incentive to increase adoption rates in the southeastern United States. However, understanding grazing effects on soil properties is lacking for most soils of the region. Effects of grazing or rolling a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) CC prior to no-till planting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were determined in 2009 after 4 yr on Cecil soil, in the Southern Piedmont near Watkinsville, GA. The four catchments had a previous long history of no-till cropping with CC. Wet spring conditions in 2009 resulted in visible surface roughness from cattle hooves. Average soil penetration resistance (PR) for the 0-to 30-cm profile was 14% greater following rye CC grazing than rolling (1.95 vs. 1.53 MPa) and was still apparent the following February (1.86 vs. 1.58 MPa) after cotton harvest. Increases in PR at 2.5-to 7.5-and 7.5-to 15-cm soil depths were observed following CC grazing but not rolling. Depth to 2 MPa resistance, considered sufficient to impede root growth, was similar for CC grazing and rolling treatments in March prior to grazing but decreased in the grazed treatment to 10.7 cm in May and 15.6 cm in February. Seasonal runoff data for 2006-2009 indicated no differences between grazed and rolled CC management. We concluded that grazing CC for short periods under wet conditions presents a risk of short-term negative effects even for Southern Piedmont soils where a long history of conservation tillage and CC has improved soil quality.

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“…The rainfall simulator (capillary tube type, Brakensiek et al, 1977) produced uniform drops with a median drop diameter of 2.5 mm. Rainfall intensity was held constant at 51 mm/h using distilled water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Seal Hydraulic Conductivity as Affected by Livestock Manure Application

Roberts¹,

Clanton²

2000

Transactions of the ASAE

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R unoff from agricultural land carries sediment and nutrients that can harm receiving water quality and degrade land productivity. Infiltration capacity and surface hydraulic conductivity of the soil is a principal factor in determining the amount of runoff resulting from a rainfall or irrigation event. Surface application of livestock manures alters surface hydraulic conductivity by forming a short-term soil-plugging effect, which reduces infiltration capacity and by acting as a longterm soil conditioner which improves the infiltration capacity. Hydrologic models are valuable tools in determining the effects of land-use practices on hydrology and water quality. To successfully model hydrologic responses and thus identify best management practices, a complete understanding of the infiltration process is necessary. This understanding must include the effects of agricultural practices such as tillage, manure application, etc., on infiltration. The hydrologic models must be adapted to changing soil surface conditions that are affected by altered agricultural practices and changing environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of livestock manure application on surface-seal formation. The specific objective was to review existing infiltration models that have been adapted for surface sealing or crust formation and to modify these models to predict water infiltration through the surface seal formed by manure application. The scope of this study required a nondestructive method for determining surface-seal properties of manure-amended soils. Modifications of these models will aid consultants and regulators dealing with manure application and water-quality issues in decisionmaking processes. LITERATURE REVIEW Many researchers have observed that a thin layer of reduced permeability forms on the surface of soil exposed to rainfall (Duley, 1939; McIntyre, 1958; Tackett and Pearson, 1965). This distinct layer is characterized by higher bulk density and lower porosity than the underlying soil. The term "surface seal" is commonly used to describe the effect this layer of reduced permeability has on limiting infiltration. Upon drying, the seal shrinks to form a hard crust that impedes seedling emergence and tears seedling roots as the seal cracks (Hillel, 1980). Knowledge of surface-sealing properties is required to model infiltration through a surface seal. Prediction of surface-seal characteristics is difficult, since surface-seal development is a function of several factors, including texture, initial bulk density, aggregate stability, initial shear strength, organic matter, tillage, and land-use practices (Sharma, 1980; Rawls et al., 1990), as well as rainfall intensity, second moment of drop-size density distribution, and maximal drop diameter (Assouline and Mualem, 1997). Little data has been published regarding surfacesealing characteristics in manure-amended soils. Many approaches have been proposed to describe infiltration through a stable surface seal. Hillel and Gardner (1970) conclude...

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Application of an Infiltrometer System for Describing Infiltration Into Soils

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research—Design Review

Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research—Design Review

Grazing winter rye cover crop in a cotton no‐till system: Soil strength and runoff

Surface Seal Hydraulic Conductivity as Affected by Livestock Manure Application

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