Application of Amniotic Membrane in Skin Regeneration

Abstract

Amniotic membrane (AM) is an avascular structure composed of three different layers, which contain collagen, extracellular matrix, and biologically active cells (stem cells). Collagen, a naturally occurring matrix polymer, provides the structural matrix/strength of the amniotic membrane. Tissue remodeling is regulated by growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and other regulatory molecules produced by endogenous cells within AM. Therefore, AM is considered an attractive skin-regenerating agent. This review discusses the application of AM in skin regeneration, including its preparation for application to the skin and its mechanisms of therapeutic healing in the skin. This review involved collecting research articles that have been published in several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. The search was conducted by using the keywords ‘amniotic membrane skin’, ‘amniotic membrane wound healing’, ‘amniotic membrane burn’, ‘amniotic membrane urethral defects’, ‘amniotic membrane junctional epidermolysis bullosa’, and ‘amniotic membrane calciphylaxis’. Ultimately, 87 articles are discussed in this review. Overall, AM has various activities that help in the regeneration and repair of damaged skin.

Amnion-derived hydrogels as a versatile platform for regenerative therapy: from lab to market

“…( Ohno et al, 1983 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Shariatzadeh et al, 2021 ). The basement membrane of AM also contains collagen (type III, IV, and V) and various non-collagenous glycoproteins, such as elastin, laminin, nidogen, fibronectin, and vitronectin as well as glycosaminoglycans like hyaluronic acid ( Arki et al, 2023 ; Fitriani et al, 2023 ). The stromal layer is composed of three sublayers, including 1) compact layer, 2) fibroblast layer, and 3) intermediate layer ( Dadkhah Tehrani et al, 2021 ).…”

Clinically Actionable Topical Strategies for Addressing the Hallmarks of Skin Aging: A Primer for Aesthetic Medicine Practitioners

“…Amniotic membrane stem cells (AMSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are all being explored for their potential in skin rejuvenation due to their regenerative properties [ 81 ]. AMSCs are multipotent with low immunogenicity and can be easily obtained from the placenta, avoiding ethical issues associated with embryonic stem cells [ 82 ]. Their anti-aging potential has been associated with the release of growth factors, angio-modulatory cytokines, anti-bacterial peptides, and anti-inflammatory molecules [ 82 ].…”

“…AMSCs are multipotent with low immunogenicity and can be easily obtained from the placenta, avoiding ethical issues associated with embryonic stem cells [ 82 ]. Their anti-aging potential has been associated with the release of growth factors, angio-modulatory cytokines, anti-bacterial peptides, and anti-inflammatory molecules [ 82 ]. A study showed that a topical application of AMSC metabolic products combined with vitamin E significantly improved wrinkles, ultraviolet spots, and pores in patients with photoaging [ 83 ].…”

Assessing the Application and Effectiveness of Human Amniotic Membrane in the Management of Venous and Diabetic Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Therefore, the selection of an appropriate amniotic tissue processing method is crucial in order to preserve tissue quality, maintain tissue integrity, and retain the inherent biological properties. Amniotic tissues possess unique biological properties that make them effective in promoting the healing process of ulcers caused by various factors, including burns, diabetes, neuropathy, and bedsores [ 6 ].…”

“…In addition to its aforementioned benefits, HAM possesses various other properties, including antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, bacteriostatic, and thrombolytic properties. Furthermore, studies have documented that HAM transfers induce changes in thick-walled vessels, resulting in a reversion towards normal vasculature characterized by vessel wall thinning and widening of the lumen [ 6 ].…”