Application of algal assays in the environmental evaluation of new detergent materials

Payne, A.G.; Hall, R. H.

doi:10.1080/05384680.1978.11903989

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The use of EDTA in nutrient solutions for plants in the cultivation of crops and ornamental plants clearly promotes the growth of higher plants (BUA, 1996). The stimulating effect of EDTA and NTA on algal growth is documented as well (Payne and Hall, 1978;Bernhardt, 1984;Anderson et al, 1985;Walterson and Landner, 1993;Müller and Roßknecht, 1994;BUA, 1996;Sillanpää, 1997;Eklund et al, 2002). Those growth-promoting influences also have been observed at concentrations relevant to the aquatic environment IMPACT OF AMINOPOLYCARBOXYLATES ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS (Marchyulenene et al, 1982;Perry et al, 1984;Anderson et al, 1985;Horstmann and Gelpke, 1991;Müller and Roßknecht, 1994).…”

Section: Eutrophicationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Impact of aminopolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and eutrophication: Overview of available data

Schmidt

Brauch

2004

Environmental Toxicology

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Aminopolycarboxylic acids, which include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1,3-PDTA), beta-alaninediacetic acid (beta-ADA), and methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), constitute a class of complexing agents that occur in a wide range of domestic products and that are used intensively as metal sequestrants in several industrial applications. Because they are highly polar and partially nondegradable, aminopolycarboxylates are released into the aquatic environment in significant quantities, mainly via wastewater. The historical and current use of aminopolycarboxylates and their ubiquitous presence in surface waters prompted many studies about their possibly detrimental impact on aquatic organisms. This review summarizes the available data and information on the eutrophication potential and toxicity of aminopolycarboxylates to a multitude of aquatic organisms including vertebrates, invertebrates, algae, bacteria, and protozoa. This article also addresses how the ecotoxic effects of aminopolycarboxylates are dependent on their speciation, that is, on their presence in a free or a metal-complexed form.

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Section: Eutrophicationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Impact of aminopolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and eutrophication: Overview of available data

Schmidt

Brauch

2004

Environmental Toxicology

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“…These studies show that type A zeolite is almost entirely removed from wastewater by conventional treatments and that it does not adversely affect the sewage treatment process (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Other studies show that any zeolite in sewage effluent will not present a hazard to aquatic life (10)(11)(12) and will hydrolyze irreversibly to silica, aluminum oxide, and natural aluminosilicate (13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of organic compounds from dilute aqueous solutions onto the external surface of type A zeolite

Savitsky¹,

Wiers²,

Wendt³

1981

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Type A zeolite, an insoluble crystalline sodium aluminosilicate, has been developed as a water-hardness controlling agent for laundry detergent products. In order to assess the environmental safety of this material, we have examined the adsorption of organic compounds of varying polarity onto the external surfaces of calcium-exchanged type A zeolite in aqueous medium at pH 8. The compounds included p-chlorophenol, dieldrin, dodecylhexakis(oxyethy1ene) alcohol (ClzE6), and tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride. In addition, adsorption onto the sodium form of the zeolite was studied with methylene blue (to characterize the zeolite) and with linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS). Type A zeolite provides a relatively weak adsorptive surface for organics of all polarities studied when compared to adsorption of these compounds onto natural clay minerals and sewage sludge. The introduction of type A zeolite into environmental waters through its use in laundry detergents should therefore not alter the normal fate of organic molecules in the environment.Type A zeolite has been developed for use as a builder in laundry detergents. Although insoluble, this synthetic zeolite, Na12[(A102)(Si02)]12-27HzO, is capable of reducing the hardness of wash water by the exchange of calcium ion for sodium ion, thus promoting more effective utilization of surfactants in the detergency process. The use of laundry products containing this material will result in its introduction into sewage at low ppm levels.Most studies of the chemical properties of synthetic zeolites have emphasized their gas-adsorption properties (1-4). Several studies on the environmental considerations of this zeolite have been, or will soon be, published. These studies show that type A zeolite is almost entirely removed from wastewater by conventional treatments and that it does not adversely affect the sewage treatment process (5-9). Other studies show that any zeolite in sewage effluent will not present a hazard to aquatic life (10-12) and will hydrolyze irreversibly to silica, aluminum oxide, and natural aluminosilicate (13,14).In our study we have measured the adsorption properties of type A zeolite for various classes of organic compounds and compared these properties with those of minerals that are naturally present in the environment. This information defines the relative potential of type A zeolite to affect the fate of organic compounds in the envrionment. The tests were conducted mostly on the calcium form of the zeolite because this is the predominant form in which the material is discharged from laundry systems.The chemical classes of organics that were studied include three types of surface-active agents (anionic, nonionic, and cationic) as well as a phenol, a pesticide, and a dye. These materials provided a broad representation of the chemical classes of organic compounds that might be found in sewage or surface waters. Measurements of their adsorption properties onto type A zeolite permit their effects on the fate of organics in wastewater to be assessed. ...

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The growth inhibition of planktonic algae due to surfactants used in washing agents

Yamane

1984

Water Research

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Application of algal assays in the environmental evaluation of new detergent materials

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Impact of aminopolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and eutrophication: Overview of available data

Impact of aminopolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and eutrophication: Overview of available data

Adsorption of organic compounds from dilute aqueous solutions onto the external surface of type A zeolite

The growth inhibition of planktonic algae due to surfactants used in washing agents

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