Application of Activated Carbon Banana Peel Coated with Al2O3-Chitosan for the Adsorptive Removal of Lead and Cadmium from Wastewater

Abstract

This study was aimed at evaluating the adsorption capacity of novel banana peel activated carbon (BPAC) modified with Al3O2@chitosan for the removal of cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) from wastewater. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis confirmed the synthesized BPAC@Al3O2@chitosan composite material. The univariate approach was used to study the influence of different experimental parameters (such as adsorbent mass, sample pH, and contact time) that affects simultaneous removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions. Kinetic results showed that adsorption favored the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, whereas the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ was best described by the Langmuir model and the adsorption capacity for Cd2+ and Pb2+ was 46.9 mg g−1 and 57.1 mg g−1, respectively, for monolayer adsorption. It was shown the BPAC composite can be re-used until the third cycle of adsorption–desorption (% Re > 80). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the prepared BPAC@Al3O2@chitosan composite material is cost effective, as it is generated from waste banana peels and can be re-used. In addition, the prepared material was able to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ up to 99.9%.

Activated carbon derived from waste orange and lemon peels for the adsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes from wastewater

“…While the pseudo-first order depends on solid capacitance, the pseudo-second order model is successfully utilised on the sorption of analytes from aqueous solutions where chemisorption, including valence forces, occurs. This includes electron sharing or exchange between forces and adsorbents and adsorbents ( Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha et al., 2022 ). Table 4 shows kinetics parameters for pseudo-1st order, pseudo-2nd order, and Intra-particle diffusion the pseudo-second-order equation fits optimally for both MO and MB with an R 2 coefficient of 0.997 and 0.999, respectively.…”

Comparative study of the elimination of copper, cadmium, and methylene blue from water by adsorption on the citrus Sinensis peel and its activated carbon

“…This can be attributed to the initial sites saturation resulting from stronger adsorption of MB, and then the adsorption strength decreases when the adsorbent's site occupation increases. 38 Reusability tests…”

Comparative study of improved treatment of oil produced-water using pure and chemically-impregnated activated carbon of banana peels and Luffa cylindrica

“…This range is similar to values previously reported for activated carbons from banana waste (Sugumaran et al, 2012). The presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group observed in all the activated carbons has been reported to be important for the adsorption of metals (Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha et al, 2022). The bands observed around 1053 and 1080 cm -1 can be associated with C-O stretching vibrations of carboxylic groups.…”