Application of Acoustic Emission (Ae) in Mining and Earth Sciences: A Review

Abstract

One of the most important products of the majority of tools, processes and, phenomena in mining engineering and earth sciences are high-frequency elastic waves, often referred to as acoustic waves. These acoustic waves can be a useful tool for prediction and measurement, monitoring and diagnosis. Due to the importance of engineering activities that should be specific, measurable, available, reliable and time-based (SMART), Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques can be integrated into engineering operations such as excavation to give exact estimations or simplify some aspects of investigations. Hence, these techniques are expected to play an increasing role in the detection, monitoring, and measurement in engineering applications. With the development of acoustic signal processing methods in earth sciences and the growing need for accurate, fast, and cost-effective prediction, monitoring and measurement methods, AE tools and techniques are expected to turn into powerful alternatives to current methods. The purpose of this paper is to review the application of the acoustic methods as a tool in various projects. For this purpose, the application of AE methods has been reviewed in different fields related to earth sciences including mining engineering, drilling engineering, geology, petroleum engineering, and other related fields. According to the purpose of using these methods, the application of AE is divided into three groups: prediction and estimation, monitoring and performance assessment, and detection. The use of AE methods, among other laboratory or in-situ methods, is very fast and accurate, and by only installing specific sensors with data logging equipment, it has been able to process and analyse data online and remotely. Finally, the possibility of using AE techniques in design and calculating in various projects and as a tool for decision making was evaluated.

Effect of Soil Loading and Unloading on Its Acoustic Behavior

“…Acoustic emission (AE) is a widely used phenomenon for assessing the degree of failure of various materials under applied stresses (e.g., [1][2][3][4][5][6]). Michlmayr et al [7] in their comprehensive review of the AE mechanism consider six possible mechanism of AE induced in different materials, some of which are more or less common for different materials, while others are inherent to some specific materials and conditions.…”

Застосування Ультразвуку Для Винаходження Небезпечних Заколов І Відшланень У Покрівлі І Стінках Підземних Гірничих Виробок

“…Активний метод може бути використаний для виявлення локальних ділянок поверхні масиву, в якому втратився жорсткий механічний зв'язок з основним скельним масивом. Найбільш перспективним у геомеханіці є активний акустичний метод, в якому використовується ультразвуковий діапазоні частот понад 20 кГц (Yalanskyi, 2000, Kopylov et al, 2015, Lesso et al, 2007, Khoshuei et al, 2019, Meng et al, 2018. Такий метод контролю використаний у приладі ЕРІДАН, який розроблений в ІГТМ АН України (Serhiienko et al, 1989) для дефектоскопії оголеної поверхні гірничого масиву.…”

Application of Acoustic Emission to Detect Damage in Composites Materials

“…Among the applications of the AE method for SHM the following can be mentioned; detection of friction [17], detection of friction and the presence of wear in bearings (bearings, roller bearings) due to improper functioning of grease or lubricant, detection of impact in rotating mechanisms due to excessive looseness of the bearing that causes impact [18,19], detection of turbulence in the inspection of tanks under it is the pressure that the presence of excessive leakage causes turbulent flow [20], detection of defects in manufactured parts [21,22], detection of defects in welding [23] and estimation of the life of the structure [24,25]. Also, this method can be used to reveal and locate partial voltage discharges in large transformers [26], research and investigate the properties and characteristics of materials [27], geology [28,29] and research on micro-vibrations [30]. The advantages and disadvantages of the AE method are listed in the following Table 2 [31][32][33].…”