Application of a two-sinker densimeter for phase-equilibrium measurements: A new technique for the detection of dew points and measurements on the (methane + propane) system

McLinden, Mark O.; Richter, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2016.03.035

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“… 19 . This analysis was further extended by McLinden and Richter 20 to also include a quantitative measure of sample adsorbed or condensed onto the sinkers. The key result was where Δ m sorption is the mass of material adsorbed onto sinker 2, δm 2,sorp , minus that adsorbed onto sinker 1, δm 1,sorp .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densimetry for the Quantification of Sorption Phenomena on Nonporous Media Near the Dew Point of Fluid Mixtures

Richter

McLinden

2017

Sci Rep

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Phase equilibria of fluid mixtures are important in numerous industrial applications and are, thus, a major focus of thermophysical property research. Improved data, particularly along the dew line, are needed to improve model predictions. Here we present experimental results utilizing highly accurate densimetry to quantify the effects of sorption and capillary condensation, which exert a distorting influence on measured properties near the dew line. We investigate the (pressure, density, temperature, composition) behaviour of binary (CH 4 + C 3 H 8 ) and (Ar + CO 2 ) mixtures over the temperature range from (248.15 to 273.15) K starting at low pressures and increasing in pressure towards the dew point along isotherms. Three distinct regions are observed: (1) minor sorption effects in micropores at low pressures; (2) capillary condensation followed by wetting in macro-scale surface scratches beginning approximately 2% below the dew-point pressure; (3) bulk condensation. We hypothesize that the true dew point lies within the second region.Fluid mixtures are important in many scientific and industrial applications. In this context, accurate knowledge about phase equilibria and in particular about the dew line, which separates the homogeneous vapour region from the heterogeneous two-phase (vapour-liquid) region, is essential. The investigation of the phase behaviour of fluid mixtures is a major focus of thermophysical property research for both a fundamental understanding of the behaviour of fluid mixtures and for practical applications including natural gas processing and carbon capture and storage (CCS). For example, equipment in gas pipelines must be protected from damage due to the condensation of the fluid being handled. Therefore, accurate property models are required for the design and operation of industrial processes. Such models are based on accurate experimental data, but there are significant gaps and deficiencies in the existing data sets, which impede the required improvement of mixture models.Thermophysical property measurements in the vicinity of the dew line of fluid mixtures can be substantially distorted by sorption and condensation effects. This is due to the preferential sorption or condensation of one or more component(s), which changes the vapour composition from that originally loaded into the measuring cell of an experimental apparatus. (The condensed material is enriched in the least volatile component(s), although this can vary with adsorption due to other factors). The study of sorption phenomena is a very active and mature scientific field, with application to gas purification and gas separation, among many other application areas. However, sorption is usually studied on porous media (i.e., materials with a large surface area on the microscale) such as activated carbon, zeolites or metal-organic frameworks, but not on the simple metal surfaces (which are often highly polished) existing in property measurement instruments.It has long been recognized that sorption effects and, in particul...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densimetry for the Quantification of Sorption Phenomena on Nonporous Media Near the Dew Point of Fluid Mixtures

Richter

McLinden

2017

Sci Rep

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“…This allows the investigation on the contribution of the main compounds of reservoir fluids to the phase behaviour if the model fluids can capture the main features of the reservoir fluids from the well [5,6]. New experimental data are useful to evaluate predictive thermodynamic models [7][8][9][10][11]. The performance of these models for alkane mixtures can somewhat reflect their performance for real oil and gas systems [5].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

High pressure phase equilibrium of ternary and multicomponent alkane mixtures in the temperature range from (283 to 473) K

Regueira

Liu

Wibowo

et al. 2017

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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“…(A.1-3) increased dramatically because of adsorption and condensation onto the sinkers; the intersection of lines fitted to the single-phase and two-phase data yielded the dew point. This effect and its exploitation for the 77 and the dew points measured here will be analyzed in the second phase of the project. With this technique the filling/pressure line was completely vapor filled up to the dew-point pressure, minimizing uncertainties in the hydrostatic head correction.…”

Section: Conclusion To Datementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-GWP alternative refrigerant blends for HFC-134a :

Domanski¹,

McLinden²,

Babushok³

et al. 2021

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This project addresses the objectives of the Statement of Need number WPSON-17-20 "No/Low Global Warming Potential Alternatives to Ozone Depleting Refrigerants." Its goal is to identify and demonstrate performance of low global-warming-potential (GWP), nonflammable refrigerants to replace HFC-134a in military environmental control units (ECUs). This project is a follow-on to the limited-scope project WP-2740, which used thermodynamic cycle simulation models alone to screen over 100 000 refrigerant blends and identified over 20 candidate HFC-134a replacements. In this study we narrow the pool of blend candidates down to three 'best' fluids, verify experimentally their flammability behavior, demonstrate their performance through tests in a military ECU in environmental chambers over a wide range of operating conditions, and extrapolate the laboratory-measured performance to ECUs equipped with optimized heat exchangers through first-principles-based simulations combined with machine-learning optimization methods. This Interim Report documents the work leading to the selection of three 'best' blends. This work included refrigerant blend tests in a laboratory mini-breadboard heat pump apparatus, fundamental measurements and modeling of thermophysical properties, two-phase heattransfer performance, and flammability behavior.

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Application of a two-sinker densimeter for phase-equilibrium measurements: A new technique for the detection of dew points and measurements on the (methane + propane) system

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Densimetry for the Quantification of Sorption Phenomena on Nonporous Media Near the Dew Point of Fluid Mixtures

Densimetry for the Quantification of Sorption Phenomena on Nonporous Media Near the Dew Point of Fluid Mixtures

High pressure phase equilibrium of ternary and multicomponent alkane mixtures in the temperature range from (283 to 473) K

Low-GWP alternative refrigerant blends for HFC-134a :

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