Application of a Sustainable Bioderived Solvent (Biodiesel) for Phenol Extraction

Abstract

Replacement of volatile organic compound solvents by greener or more environmentally sustainable solvents is becoming increasingly important due to the increasing health and environmental concerns. In the present work, a bioderived solvent, soybean oil methyl ester, which is better known as biodiesel and is a nonvolatile organic compound, was used as a solvent to replace the fossil solvent (kerosene) for phenol extraction. First, biodiesel was selected as an optional solvent to replace kerosene based on Hansen solubility parameter calculation results. Second, the effects of solvent concentration, equilibrium pH of the aqueous phase, temperature, extraction time, etc. on phenol extraction were examined. The results show that biodiesel has strong extraction ability on phenol extraction than that of kerosene. An acidic environment decreases the phase disengagement time. Phenol extraction reached equilibrium in 30 s of contact time at room temperature. McCabe–Thiele diagram calculation results show that the phenol extraction efficiency can reach 98% in three theoretical stages at an A/O ratio of 10:1 (Cyanex923 + biodiesel). Finally, the extraction mechanism indicated that biodiesel could reduce the intermolecular hydrogen bond forces in the extractant so as to improve the extraction efficiency.

Complex Extraction of Metals in an Aqueous Two-Phase System Based on Poly(Ethylene Oxide) 1500 and Sodium Nitrate

“…The enthalpy change of the extraction, ΔH, could be calculated from the slope of the lgD versus 1000/T by the Van’t Hoff Equation (2) [37,38]:lgD=−ΔH2.303RT+C where R = 8.314 is the universal gas constant and C is a constant for the system.…”

“…The corresponding Gibbs free energy ΔG and entropy ΔS were calculated using Equations (3) and (4) [37], respectively, and their values were listed in Table 3. ΔG=−RTlnKex ΔS=ΔH−ΔGT …”

Current Progress of Jatropha Curcas Commoditisation as Biodiesel Feedstock: A Comprehensive Review

“…Due to their polar nature, different solvents may give varied oil yields when using the solvent extraction process. Oil extraction solvents such as hexane, propane, ethane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethanol, dichloromethane, methanol, and the methanol-water binary system were all widely employed (Haile et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019;Alrashidi et al, 2020). Even if there is great purity and high oil production by utilising solvent, there is still energy squandered throughout the lengthy extraction process.…”

Amino Acid-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Environments

“…BRs were regenerated with an antiextraction method for four cycles without significant changes in separation efficiency and their properties. In addition, Yatong Zhang et al [45] used biodiesel to extract phenol, and results showed that phenol extraction efficiency reached 98%. However, the regeneration ability of the extractant was not further investigated.…”