Application of a score for evaluation of pain, distress and discomfort in pigs with lameness and prolapses: correlation with saliva biomarkers and severity of the disease

Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Escribano, Damián; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; López-Arjona, Marina; Rubio, Camila Peres; Martı́nez-Subiela, Silvia; Cerón, José J.; Tecles, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.004

Cited by 41 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The animals did not show any sign after clinical examination, haematological or biochemistry analyses. Serum CRP concentration, measured as previously described [37], was used as a marker of systemic in ammation. All animals gave values <20µg/mL.…”

Section: Optimization Of Ehna Concentration For Ada2 Measurement In Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions to four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study

Contreras-Aguilar

Tvarijonaviciute

Monkevičienė

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) can provide information about cell-mediated immunity. This report’s objetive was to study the enzymatic activity of total ADA (tADA) and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 in canine, equine, porcine, and bovine serum and saliva and their changes in different inflammatory situations in each species. Besides, an automated method for ADA2 measurement was developed and validated.Results: tADA was present in serum and saliva of healthy animals of the four species. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) concentration of 0.47mM was needed for ADA1 inhibition in canine and porcine samples (serum and saliva) and bovine saliva, whereas for equine saliva 0.94mM was needed. ADA2 activity was not detected in bovine serum and was very low or absent in equine serum and bovine saliva. An automated procedure to measure ADA2 consisting of adding EHNA to a commercial reagent for tADA measurement provided repetitive (coefficients of variation <8.8% in serum and <10% in saliva) and accurate (linearity under dilution approaches gave R 2 >0.90) results, being equivalent to a manual incubation of the sample with EHNA at a similar concentration. Salivary tADA, as well as ADA1 and ADA2, were higher in dogs with leishmaniosis, horses with acute abdominal disease and pigs with lameness than in healthy animals. ADA showed significant correlation with serum ferritin in dogs ( r = 0.602, P <0.01; r = 0.555, P <0.05; and r = 0.632, P <0.01; respectively for tADA, ADA1 and ADA2) and serum C-reactive protein in pigs ( r = 0.700, P <0.01, for both tADA and ADA1; r = 0.770, P <0.001, for ADA2), whereas salivary ADA2 significantly correlated with serum amyloid A in the horse ( r = 0.649, P <0.01). In the cow, salivary tADA and ADA1 significantly increased after calving, correlatingd with total white blood cell count ( r = 0.487, P <0.05, both).Conclusions: ADA activity, as well as its isoenzymes, can be measured in serum and saliva of different animal species. The salivary levels of these analytes could potentially be inflammatory biomarkers in these species.

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Section: Optimization Of Ehna Concentration For Ada2 Measurement In Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to the best of authors' knowledge, ADA activity has not been characterized in the serum of other animal species. In saliva, there are no studies about the ADA isoenzyme activity characterization and distribution in any animal species except for the pig [37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions to four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study

Contreras-Aguilar

Tvarijonaviciute

Monkevičienė

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…However, to the best of authors' knowledge, ADA activity has not been characterized in the serum of other animal species. In addition, in saliva there are no studies about ADA isoenzyme activity characterization and distribution in any animal species except for the pig [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions in four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study

et al. 2020

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Background Measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) can provide information about cell-mediated immunity. This report’s objective was to study the enzymatic activity of total ADA (tADA) and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 in canine, equine, porcine, and bovine serum and saliva and their changes in different inflammatory situations in each species. Besides, an automated method for ADA2 measurement was developed and validated. Results tADA was present in serum and saliva of healthy animals of the four species. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) concentration of 0.47 mM was needed for ADA1 inhibition in canine and porcine samples (serum and saliva) and bovine saliva, whereas for equine saliva 0.94 mM was needed. ADA2 activity was not detected in bovine serum and was very low or absent in equine serum and bovine saliva. An automated procedure to measure ADA2 consisting of adding EHNA to a commercial reagent for tADA measurement provided repetitive (coefficients of variation < 8.8% in serum and < 10% in saliva) and accurate (linearity of serial sample dilutions with R2 > 0.90) results, being equivalent to a manual incubation of the sample with EHNA at a similar concentration. Salivary tADA, as well as ADA1 and ADA2, were higher in dogs with leishmaniosis, horses with acute abdominal disease and pigs with lameness than in healthy animals. tADA and isoenzymes in saliva showed a positive significant correlation with serum ferritin in dogs (r = 0.602, P < 0.01; r = 0.555, P < 0.05; and r = 0.632, P < 0.01; respectively for tADA, ADA1 and ADA2) and serum C-reactive protein in pigs (r = 0.700, P < 0.01, for both tADA and ADA1; r = 0.770, P < 0.001, for ADA2), whereas salivary ADA2 significantly correlated with serum amyloid A in horses (r = 0.649, P < 0.01). In cows, salivary tADA and ADA1 significantly increased after calving, correlating with total white blood cell count (r = 0.487, P < 0.05, for both tADA and ADA1). Conclusions The activity of total ADA and its different isoenzymes, can be measured in serum and saliva of dogs, horses, pigs and cows by a simple and fast procedure described in this report. When measured in saliva, these analytes correlated with other biomarkers of inflammation and it could potentially be used as a biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation in the species of this study.

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“…An animal was considered lame when it achieved a score ≥1 in the lameness score. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was used as a marker of systemic inflammation, and healthy animals gave values <20µg/mL, as previously described [33].…”

Section: Clinical Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) characterization in saliva and serum samples of different animal species

Contreras-Aguilar¹,

Tvarijonaviciute²,

Monkevičienė³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The enzymatic activity of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 were studied in canine, equine, porcine and bovine serum and saliva. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) was used as a specific ADA1 inhibitor at different concentrations, and the distribution of the isoenzymes in serum and saliva was studied in different inflammatory situations in each species.Results Total ADA was present in serum and saliva of healthy animals of the four species. EHNA concentration of 0.47mM was needed for ADA1 inhibition in canine and porcine samples (serum and saliva) and bovine saliva, whereas for equine saliva 0.94mM was needed. ADA2 activity was not detected in bovine serum and was very low or absent in equine serum and bovine saliva. An automated procedure to measure ADA2 consisting of adding EHNA to a commercial reagent for tADA measurement provided repetitive (coefficients of variation <8.8% in serum and <10% in saliva) and accurate (linearity under dilution approaches gave R 2 >0.90) results, being equivalent to a manual incubation of the sample with EHNA at a similar concentration. Salivary tADA, as well as ADA1 and ADA2, were higher in dogs with leishmaniosis, horses with acute abdominal disease and pigs with lameness than in healthy animals. ADA showed significant correlation with serum ferritin in dogs ( r = 0.602, P < 0.01; r = 0.555, P < 0.05; and r = 0.632, P < 0.01; respectively for tADA, ADA1 and ADA2) and serum C-reactive protein in pigs ( r = 0.700, P < 0.01, for both tADA and ADA1; r = 0.770, P < 0.001, for ADA2), whereas salivary ADA2 significantly correlated with serum amyloid A in the horse ( r = 0.649, P < 0.01). In the cow, salivary tADA and ADA1 significantly increased after calving, being correlated with total white blood cell count ( r = 0.487, P < 0.05, both).Conclusions ADA activity, as well as its isoenzymes, can be measured in serum and saliva of different animal species, and the salivary levels of these analytes could potentially be inflammatory biomarkers in these species. BackgroundAdenosine deaminase (ADA, EC number 3.5.4.4) is an enzyme that can be found in several tissues and fluids and it has two different isoenzymes. The isoenzyme ADA1 is mainly present in lymphoid

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Application of a score for evaluation of pain, distress and discomfort in pigs with lameness and prolapses: correlation with saliva biomarkers and severity of the disease

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions to four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study

Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions to four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study

Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions in four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) characterization in saliva and serum samples of different animal species

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