Application of A Physiological Strain Index in Evaluating Responses to Exercise Stress – A Comparison Between Endurance and High Intensity Intermittent Trained Athletes

Pokora, Ilona; Żebrowska, Aleksandra

doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0142

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Physiological Strain Index (PSI) based upon heart rate and body temperature measurements, allowing the instantaneous assessment of overall physiological strain on a scale of 0-10. Predictions of physiological strain may be important in determining physiological endurance and in protecting athletes against exercised induced thermal stressors (Moran et al, 1998;Pokora, Żebrowska, 2016). Physiological Strain Index calculated in our study reflects low cardiovascular strain (PSI 2.2 ±0.7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Long-distance Running and its Effects on Cardiorespiratory Adaptation and Physiological Strain in Marathon Runners

Przybyła

Żebrowska

Posmysz

et al. 2016

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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Popularity of long-distance running has increased as well as number of female and male marathon runners. Whilst research into physiological characteristics of endurance trained athletes has significantly increased there are only few studies on the risk factors for respiratory failure in marathon runners. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in respiratory function and the physiological strain in the response to exercise stress in marathon runners. Twenty three subjects (aged 36.1 ±11.6 years) participated in a marathon running. Prior to the run and after its completion, body mass and composition, spirometry and body temperature were measured. Based on pre-and post-run temperature and changes in heart rate, the physiological strain index (PSI) was calculated. Long-distance running significantly decreased the temperature of body surfaces (p < 0.05); no significant effects were observed regarding aural canal temperature and physiological strain index (PSI). Compared to resting values, post-marathon spirometry revealed a significant decrease in post-marathon forced expiratory volume (p < 0.05), peak expiratory flow (p < 0.05) and maximal expiratory flow values (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the long-distance running results in functional changes within the respiratory system which may limit the adaptive potential and decrease exercise tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Long-distance Running and its Effects on Cardiorespiratory Adaptation and Physiological Strain in Marathon Runners

Przybyła

Żebrowska

Posmysz

et al. 2016

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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“…The share of the circulatory component f HR in the contribution of the cardiovascular fraction to the PSI (circulatory strain) accounted for approx. 70–80% of the PSI volume [ 61 ] in highly trained athletes (runners and cyclists). In the current study in all subjects, the circulatory strain ( f HR) was the major component (0.76–0.77) determining the overall physiological strain during the submaximal exercise test performed before and after MPHA by elite athletes (cross-country skiers) in a thermoneutral environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PSI was calculated from resting Tty and HR compared to the last exercise time point using the equation derived from Moran et al [ 34 ] with the index range from 0 to 10: 1–2 (no/little heat strain), 3–4 (low heat strain), 5–6 (moderate heat strain), 7–8 (high heat strain), and 9–10 (very high heat strain). The PSI reflects combined cardiovascular and thermoregulatory strain on a universal scale; therefore, the fractional cardiovascular and thermoregulatory systems contributions to the physiological strain were calculated according to Pokora and Żebrowska [ 61 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Medium-Term Sauna-Based Heat Acclimation (MPHA) on Thermophysiological and Plasma Volume Responses to Exercise Performed under Temperate Conditions in Elite Cross-Country Skiers

Pokora

Sadowska-Krępa

Wolowski

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The influence of a series of ten sauna baths (MPHA) on thermophysiological and selected hematological responses in 14 elite cross-country skiers to a submaximal endurance exercise test performed under thermoneutral environmental conditions was studied. Thermal and physiological variables were measured before and after the exercise test, whereas selected hematological indices were studied before, immediately after, and during recovery after a run, before (T1) and after sauna baths (T2). MPHA did not influence the baseline internal, body, and skin temperatures. There was a decrease in the resting heart rate (HR: p = 0.001) and physiological strain (PSI: p = 0.052) after MPHA and a significant effect of MPHA on systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03), hematological indices, and an exercise effect but no combined effect of treatments and exercise on the tested variables. A positive correlation was reported between PSI and total protein (%ΔTP) in T2 and a negative between plasma volume (%ΔPV) and mean red cellular volume (%ΔMCV) in T1 and T2 in response to exercise and a positive one during recovery. This may suggest that MPHA has a weak influence on body temperatures but causes a moderate decrease in PSI and modifications of plasma volume restoration in response to exercise under temperate conditions in elite athletes.

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“…7,30 Besides increased HR, cardiac output may also rise by 6-7 L/min (by 60% to 70% in relation to the increase in HR) although cardiac stroke volume has been found to remain constant or slightly increase in response to thermal stress. 35 Pilch et al 30 (reported that dry sauna-induced heat exposure led to an increase of HR from 66.6 bpm to 126 bpm (or 89.26%). This is in agreement with our results, where sample-wide HR increased by 71.74% from 78.9 bpm (HR 0 ) to 135.5 bpm (HR 20 ) and that HR was significantly larger in group BSA H than BSA L (147.0 bpm vs. 124.5 bpm, respectively; p = 0.000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Loss in Dry Sauna and Heart Rate Response to Heat Stress

Boraczyński

Podstawski

et al. 2018

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of sauna-induced heat exposure on body mass loss (BML) and its relationships with basic anthropometric and physiological variables. Methods: The sample comprised 230 healthy adult males aged 21.0 ± 1.08 years (age range: 20.0-24.5 years). Body surface area (BSA) was determined and two groups of individuals with high BSA (BSA H ; n = 58) and low BSA (BSA L ; n = 74) were extracted. The intervention consisted of two 10-min dry sauna sessions separated by a 5-min interlude. Pre-, peri-, and post-sauna measures of nude body mass (BM) and heart rate (HR) were taken. Results: BML differed between BSA groups by 0.28 kg (74.81%). Absolute and relative BML most strongly correlated with BM and BSA (p < 0.001). Among the four considered height-weight indexes, the Quetelet I Index and Body Mass Index showed the strongest associations (p < 0.001) with BML whereas the weakest were with the Rohrer Index (p < 0.01) and Slenderness Index ( p < 0.05). Compared with BML, differences in HR were relatively minor (from 9.90% to 18.07%) and a significant association was observed between BML and HR at rest (p < 0.01) and in 10 th and 20 th min of sauna bathing (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The magnitude of BML in healthy adult males after passive heat exposure was dependent on BM and concomitantly BSA. The physiological cost of dry saunainduced thermal strain (as assessed by BML and HR) is greater in individuals with high BM and BSA. BM and HR monitoring is also recommended in order to minimize the risk of homeostatic imbalance and cardiovascular events and this cohort should more frequently cool the body and consume a greater volume of fluids during sauna bathing. Evidence Level II; Prospective comparative study.

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Application of A Physiological Strain Index in Evaluating Responses to Exercise Stress – A Comparison Between Endurance and High Intensity Intermittent Trained Athletes

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Long-distance Running and its Effects on Cardiorespiratory Adaptation and Physiological Strain in Marathon Runners

Long-distance Running and its Effects on Cardiorespiratory Adaptation and Physiological Strain in Marathon Runners

The Effect of Medium-Term Sauna-Based Heat Acclimation (MPHA) on Thermophysiological and Plasma Volume Responses to Exercise Performed under Temperate Conditions in Elite Cross-Country Skiers

Body Mass Loss in Dry Sauna and Heart Rate Response to Heat Stress

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