Application of A New Technology For Dairy Processing Wastewater Treatment Using Activated Sludge

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Dairy plants are considered as 'wet industry' because they consume large volumes of water, which is used for very diverse purposes. As a result, dairy plants discharge large volumes of wastewater (Wildbrett, 2002; Al-Wasify et al. 2017). The dairy industry, like most other agro-industries, generates wastewater characterized by high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to their high organic content (Vidal et al. 2000). The discharge of the polluted water is the most significant contributor to the pollution of environment from the dairy industry in terms of both quality and quantity; contamination by the solid waste and waste gases are less serious (Wildbrett, 2002). The dairy-industry wastewater is primarily generated from the cleaning and washing operations in milk processing plants. It is estimated that about 2% of the total milk processed is wasted into drains (Munavalli and Saler, 2009). There are many physicochemical methods that have been studied and applied for wastewater treatment. These methods include screening, sedimentation, flotation, filtration, aeration, coagulation, ozonation, chlorination, ion exchange, degasification, neutralization, etc. However, these methods have many limitations such as the use of chemical agents, higher cost, partial treatment, production of secondary pollutants and production of large volumes of solids. Due to these limitations, the application of biological methods was more suitable to be used as an alternative technique (Rodrigues et al. 2008). Produced wastes (sludge and effluents) from food industries, including dairy industry, contain high levels of organic matter, fatty acids, oil and grease (O&G) and notable nitrogenous compounds (Porwal et al. 2015; Al-Wasify et al. 2017). Dairy wastewater is generally treated using biological methods such as activated sludge process, aerated lagoons, trickling filters, sequencing batch reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, anaerobic filters, etc. (Demirel et al. 2005). Biological methods, like activated sludge process, are invariably employed for the secondary treatment of large number of industrial wastewaters. Nanoparticles are used for wastewater treatment due to its small size, crystal form, high surface area, structure, high catalytic ability, unique network order and its high reactivity (Zhang et al. 2007; Pavithra and Shanthakumar, 2017). The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the treatment process of dairy wastewater using activated sludge technology supplemented with nanoparticles. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples and sampling: Two hundred liters of raw dairy wastewater were collected from El-Masreyeen factory in 6 th October City from the ground tank of compact unit, Egypt. Raw dairy wastewater samples were collected in plastic containers with 20 liters for each one. Samples were collected and transferred immediately for the experiments according to the standard methods (APHA, 2010). Device components: Figure (1) showed the device components of activated sludge...

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