Application of a Dot Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Evaluation of the Immune Status to Canine Parvovirus and Distemper Virus in Adult Dogs before Revaccination

Abstract

Abstract. A growing body of literature has been published indicating that the current practice of annual vaccination of dogs may not be beneficial and in some cases may even be harmful. A number of publications have proposed assessing the immune status of dogs before annual revaccination. In this study the usefulness of a commercially available dot-ELISA kit was evaluated to determine the duration IgG antibody titers to canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) in 158 dogs vaccinated at least one year ago. Overall, the percentage of dogs with protective antibody titers to both CPV and CDV was 84%. The percentage of dogs with borderline antibody titers was 11% for CPV and 10% for CDV. Four percent of the dogs had no detectable antibody to CPV and 6% had no antibody to CDV. The results reported here are in good agreement with other studies measuring IgG antibody levels. It is concluded that the kit offers veterinarians the opportunity of determining antibody titers and revaccinating only those pets whose antibody titers to specific diseases have waned.

Evaluation of post-vaccination immunity to canine distemper and parvoviruses in Benin City, Nigeria

“…The effect of maternally derived antibodies on the young population of dogs mostly sampled in this study and the nature of CDV can result in low or unsustainable immunity over a given period of time. This is also in agreement with what was reported in the literatures (Waner, 2004;Waner et al, 2004;Waner and Keren-Kornblatt, 2006).…”

“…Immunity induced tends to be relatively lower than in CPV. This is in conformity with what was reported in literature (Waner et al, 2004;Waner, 2004;Waner and Keren-Kornblatt, 2006). The test of hypothesis at P < 0.05 confirmed that there was a high significant association between level of immunity and vaccination against CPV and CDV antigens (p < 0.0001).…”

“…This provided the evidence that vaccinations of dogs with a commercially available combination vaccine containing modified-live CPV and CDV antigens confer and maintains adequate immunity for up to 3 or more years as revealed in literature (Tizzard and Yawei Ni, 1998;Schultz, 1999;Schultz, 2000;Twark and Dodds, 2000;Douglas et al, 2004;Gill et al, 2004;Waner, 2004;Waner and Keren-Kornblatt, 2006).…”

“…Thus, the use of a rapid inclinic immunoblot ELISA technique for the semi quantitative analyses of antibody titers to CPV and CDV provides solution to this limitation. This technique has been used to assess antibody response of pups after primary vaccination and the persistence of serum antibody titers to specific infectious diseases in adult dogs as revealed in literature (Naveh et al, 1995;Waner et al, 1996;Tizzard andYawie, 1998 Waner et al, 2002;Waner et al, 2003;Waner and Keren-Kornblatt, 2006). In this study, data was collected from 120 dogs of different sexes, ages and breeds so as to give a broader picture of dogs' antibody response to vaccination.…”

Molecular typing of canine parvovirus from Sulaimani, Iraq and phylogenetic analysis using partial VP2 gene

“…In practice, immunisation against CPV infection is usually based on repeated vaccination over a period of 6 to 18 weeks of age, without considering the maternal antibody titre (Nandi et al, 2009). Haemagglutination inhibition and ELISA are the most useful tests to assess the antibody level before vaccination (Waner et al, 2006). However, constant epidemiological supervision and sequence analysis of the CPV types will help clarify whether this mutant has become permanently established in the dog population and whether it is also spreading in other parts of the world, thus providing insights into the mechanisms driving the evolution of CPV-2.…”