Application of a Cryo-FIB-SEM-μRaman Instrument to Probe the Depth of Vitreous Ice in a Frozen Sample

Probing the microporosity and 3D spatial distribution of calcium phosphate cement/hydrogel biomaterials using FIB/SEM at cryogenic temperatures

“…57 Using techniques for the characterization of the crystalline structure in depth, such as micro-Raman spectrometry combined with FIB/SEM, the state of vitrification can be evaluated to optimize sample preparation. 58 Sample preparation by HPF would certainly improve the vitrification state and will be explored in the future. Comparing the quantitative structural data obtained from the analysis of samples prepared by plunge-freezing under slush nitrogen, to the same samples cryo-fixed by high pressure freezing, will provide insight into the impact of the freezing method on the structural properties of biomaterials.…”