Application of a combined UF/RO system for the reuse of filter backwash water from treated swimming pool water

The Study of Possibilities for Reuse of Washings from Swimming Pool Circulation Systems

“…The results of the performed tests showed that: volume and quality of washings discharged from pools filtration circuits was varying and depended on the volume of water used for rinsing and the manner of pool circuit operation, ie on filtration cycle time, number of filters in circuits, their efficiency and bed type; washings discharged from tested pools installations must not be managed directly primarily due to the content of total suspended solids exceeding 35 mg/dm 3 and the content of free chlorine exceeding 0.2 mg Cl 2 /dm 3 ; sedimentation process allows for reuse of supernatant water, for instance, by using it to irrigate green areas or discharging it to a watercourse; a two-hour sedimentation process was, in the majority of cases, enough to reduce the amount of suspended solids and the values of indicators used to determine the amount of suspended solids, ie COD and BOD 5 , as well as the free chlorine content in supernatant water; both pH and temperature of washings did not exceed the limits specified for wastewater that can be discharged to water or soil; analysis of the volume of washings (from 28 m 3 /month in B14 to 547 m 3 /month in B21) and the costs of discharging them to the sewage system (from 296 PLN/month in B9 and 3818 PLN/month in B16) suggests that reusing supernatant water is reasonable and economically justifiable; in every case, water recovered from washings could be used for the replenishment of water in pools circuits if appropriate processes and devices (eg ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis) were used after the sedimentation process [30][31][32][33].…”

Application of hybrid coagulation–microfiltration process for treatment of membrane backwash water from waterworks

“…Backwashing process is normally used in conventional drinking water treatment and membrane process to remove fouling on filtration materials and membranes [6,7]. Backwash water was often directly discharged into a sewer in the past, which resulted in the increase of raw water consumption and cost for waste discharge, and the loss of total productivity [6]. Therefore, recovering backwash water * Corresponding author.…”

“…The membrane technology has been considered as a substitute for conventional drinking water treatment for effectively retention of particulates, bacteria and some viruses [3][4][5]. Backwashing process is normally used in conventional drinking water treatment and membrane process to remove fouling on filtration materials and membranes [6,7]. Backwash water was often directly discharged into a sewer in the past, which resulted in the increase of raw water consumption and cost for waste discharge, and the loss of total productivity [6].…”

Characterization of organic matter and disinfection by-products in membrane backwash water from drinking water treatment

“…Backwashing is normally used in membrane processes to remove fouling on membrane surfaces and membrane pores [15,16]. Backwash water from drinking water treatment was in the past often directly discharged into a sewer, which resulted in the increase of the raw water consumption, the cost for waste discharge, and the loss of total productivity [17]. Recovering backwash water is an alternative to improve the productivity of membrane treating process and decrease the cost of water production.…”