Application of 9‐nitroanthracene as a matrix for laser desorption/ionization analysis of fluorinated fullerenes

Streletskiy, Alexey V.; Goldt, Ilya V.; Kuvychko, Igor V.; Ioffe, Ilya N.; Sidorov, Lev N.; Drewello, Thomas; Strauss, Steven H.; Boltalina, Olga V.

doi:10.1002/rcm.1316

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, MALDI caused various degrees of fragmentation in fluorofullerene analysis. [15][16][17] Boltalina's group suggested use of a trans-2-[3-{4-tert-butylphenyl}-2-methyl-2-propenylidene]malononitrile (DCTB) matrix with spectra recorded at or near the laser-fluence threshold to avoid over-excited fullerene ions, which carry too much internal energy and undergo fragmentation. 15 Fragmentation of fluorofullerenes was also observed by direct ESI, 25 possibly caused by electrolytic processes.…”

Section: Analysis Of Fullerenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boltalina's group have carried out extensive studies on the analysis of fluorofullerenes. [15][16][17]25,30 Because fullerenes are solids with limited vapor pressure, it is necessary to transfer their molecules to the gas phase by heating, which can result in the loss of ligands from fullerene derivatives. Considering this, MALDI would seem to be the best method for fullerene analysis.…”

Section: Analysis Of Fullerenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron capture atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry: analysis of fullerenes, perfluorinated compounds, and pentafluorobenzyl derivatives

Song

Wellman

Yao

et al. 2007

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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An electron capture (EC) ionization mechanism has been found to be highly efficient in negative-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) for the analysis of compounds with positive electron affinity (EA). Using negative-ion APPI, we first report the sensitive detection of natural electrophores with limited polarity, such as fullerenes and perfluorinated compounds, by mass spectrometry (MS). Using direct infusion on a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer, the limits of detection (LODs) for C(60) and perfluoromethylcyclohexane were determined to be 0.15 pg (0.2 fmol) and 1 femtoliter (fL) ( approximately 1.5 pg or 4.3 fmol), respectively. As the EA of the analyte increases, the detection sensitivity is enhanced. Making use of the accurate mass measurement capability of the QTOF mass spectrometer, we were able to investigate the elemental composition of the ions in each spectrum and attribute the observed high sensitivity to an EC-initiated ionization process. The proposed EC ionization mechanism is further supported by the observation of a dissociative EC reaction of pentafluorobenzyl (PFB)-derivatized phenols. The analysis of phenols by EC-APPI of their PFB derivatives resulted in very high sensitivity, with the lowest reported LOD of approximately 0.17 pg (0.5 fmol) being for 2,4-dinitrophenol. For future LC/EC-APPI-MS applications, the effect of additives and solvents on sensitivity was also tested and reported.

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Section: Analysis Of Fullerenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Fullerenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron capture atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry: analysis of fullerenes, perfluorinated compounds, and pentafluorobenzyl derivatives

Song

Wellman

Yao

et al. 2007

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…As a result, only even-electron fluorofullerene fragment ions of uneven fluorine content are observed in direct laser desorption/ionization. 39 However, in recent negative ion MALDI experiments, the formation of molecular anions could be achieved by applying different electron transfer matrices, such as sulfur, 44 9-NA 45 and DCTB. 46 Figure 2 provides a comparison of solvent-free direct laser ablation and solvent-free MALDI applying different matrix-to-analyte ratios of a fluorofullerene sample that contains C 60 F 18 as the major component and using sulfur as the matrix material.…”

Section: Solvent-free Ldi and (S8- 9-na-and Dctb-) Maldi Of Fluorofumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that C 60 F 36 was clearly suppressed in mixture with C 60 F 18 and the use of 9-NA was proposed for a more reliable analysis. 45 More recently, DCTB was identified as the best performing matrix with fluorofullerenes, 46 so that the suppression of C 70 F x in mixture with C 60 F x was studied here with these three commonly applied "fullerene matrices". Experiments were performed both by the use of solvent through combining analyte and matrix solutions and by use of the solvent-free approach as discussed above.…”

Section: F 36 and C 60 F 46 48 (C 70 F X )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and Evaluation of Solvent-Free Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Derivatized Fullerenes

Kotsiris

Vasil’ev

Streletskii

et al. 2006

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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A variety of derivatized fullerenes have been studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Of particular emphasis has been the evaluation of a recently introduced solvent-free sample/target preparation method. Solvent-free MALDI is particularly valuable in overcoming adverse solvent-related effects, such as insolubility and/or degradation of the sample. The method was applied to fullerene derivatives susceptible to decomposition under insufficiently "soft" MALDI conditions. Analytes included the hydrofullerene: C(60)H(36), fluorofullerenes: C(60)F(x) where x = 18, 36, 46, 48 and C(70)F(x) where x = 54, 56, methano-bridged amphiphilic ligand adducts to C(60) and the [4 + 2] cycloadduct of tetracene to C(60). The new solvent-free sample preparation is established as an exceedingly valuable addition to the repertoire of preparation protocols within MALDI. The MALDI mass spectra were of very high quality throughout, providing a testimony that "soft" MALDI conditions could be achieved. Using the [4 + 2] cycloadduct of tetracene to C(60) as the model analyte for direct comparison with solvent-based MALDI, the solvent-free approach led to less fragmentation and more abundant analyte ions. Applying solvent-free sample preparation, different matrix compounds have been examined for use in the MALDI of derivatized fullerenes, including sulfur, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 9-nitroanthracene (9-NA) and trans-2-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-2- propenylidene]malononitrile (DCTB). DCTB was confirmed as the best performing matrix, reducing unwanted decomposition and suppression effects.

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“…The former compound is used as an intermediate in the preparation of dyes, as a component in the formulation of nitrate explosives and as a deblooming agent for petroleum and oils [4] while, the latter compound, is used as a matrix for MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix laser desorption ionization time of flight -mass spectrometry) analysis of fluorinated fullerenes [5] and for the characterization of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemistry of nitronaphthalenes and nitroanthracenes

Silva

Amaral

Santos

et al. 2006

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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Application of 9‐nitroanthracene as a matrix for laser desorption/ionization analysis of fluorinated fullerenes

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Electron capture atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry: analysis of fullerenes, perfluorinated compounds, and pentafluorobenzyl derivatives

Electron capture atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry: analysis of fullerenes, perfluorinated compounds, and pentafluorobenzyl derivatives

Application and Evaluation of Solvent-Free Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Derivatized Fullerenes

Thermochemistry of nitronaphthalenes and nitroanthracenes

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