Application of 13C-stable isotope probing to identify RDX-degrading microorganisms in groundwater

Cho, Kun-Ching; Lee, Do Gyun; Roh, Hyungkeun; Fuller, Mark E.; Hatzinger, Paul B.; Chu, Kung-Hui

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.033

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Relative abundance of phylum in various 6:2 FTOH exposed treatments. 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) (Cho et al, 2013(Cho et al, , 2015(Cho et al, , 2016Cupples, 2013;Roh et al, 2009).…”

Section: Comparison Of Low and High Dosed 6:2 Ftoh Biotransformation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic biotransformation on a sediment microbial community

Shu

Merino

Wang³

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Sediment microbial communities are responsible for many chemical biotransformation processes in the aquatic environment and play a critical role in various ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. However, the impact of polyfluoroalkyl substances on sediment microbial communities remains unclear. These substances are increasingly being used in consumer and industrial products to replace environmentally persistent perfluoroalkyl substances. In this study, we investigated the effects of low (5mg/L) and high (15mg/L) doses of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol [6:2 FTOH, F(CF)CHCHOH] on the structure of a sediment microbial community. 6:2 FTOH biotransformation was rapid in the sediment mixture with a half-life <3days, regardless of the initial doses. After 28days, major products produced in the high dose condition included 28mol% 5:2 sFTOH [F(CF)CH(OH)CH], 9.6mol% 5:3 Acid [F(CF)CHCHCOOH] and 11mol% PFHxA [F(CF)COOH], while 73mol% 5:2 sFTOH, 23mol% 5:3 Acid and 26mol% PFHxA were observed in the low dose condition. In the original (control) sediment without 6:2 FTOH dosing, Proteobacteria was the predominant microorganism (18%), followed by Chloroflexi (14%), Verrucomicrobia (13%), Firmicutes (3.4%), Bacterioidetes (2.4%), Actinobacteria (1.7%) and Planctomycetes (1.3%). The presence of 6:2 FTOH and the accumulation of transient transformation products in the sediment exerted selection pressure on the microbial taxonomic distribution and diversity. Our observations indicate that potential 6:2 FTOH degraders and tolerant strains, such as Dokdonella spp., Thauera spp., Albidovulum spp. and Caldanaerovirga spp., existed in the sediment mixture and began to dominate over time. This suggests that these genera might have higher tolerance towards elevated 6:2 FTOH and its transformation products. These findings on the characterization of sediment microbial community stability and dynamics will help predict changes in response to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and also help identify robust microbial strains to degrade polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment.

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Section: Comparison Of Low and High Dosed 6:2 Ftoh Biotransformation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic biotransformation on a sediment microbial community

Shu

Merino

Wang³

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…extractable residues of RDX and/or its metabolites are more prone to attack by microbes than NER. Soil-borne RDX degraders (Bernstein, Ronen and Gelman 2013;Cho et al 2013) may use decaying tree material as a carbon source, resulting in rapid mineralisation of RDX residues to CO 2 .…”

Section: Extractable and Non-extractable Rdx Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding of RDX to Cell Wall Components ofPinus sylvestrisandPicea glaucaand Three-Year Mineralisation Study of Tissue-Associated RDX Residues

Schoenmuth

Schenke

Scharnhorst

et al. 2015

International Journal of Phytoremediation

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Contamination of soils with the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX, Research Department Explosive) as a result of military applications is a large-area problem globally. Since coniferous trees dominate the vegetation of large areas of military land in Central Europe, particularly in Germany, the long-term fate of (14)C-RDX in the conifers Scots pine and Dwarf Alberta spruce was studied. Acetic acid was the most effective solvent for the removal of extractable RDX residues from homogenates of RDX-laden tree material (85%, 80-90% and 64-80% for roots, wood and needles, respectively). On average, only a fifth of RDX-derived (14)C was bound in non-extractable residues (NER). Within the main cell wall compartments, lignin was the dominant binding site for NER (needles: 32-62%; roots: 38-42%). Hemicellulose (needles: 11-18%; roots: 6-11%) and cellulose (needles: 12-24%; roots: 1-2%) were less involved in binding and a considerable proportion of NER (needles: 15-24%; roots: 59-51%) was indigestible. After three-year incubation in rot chambers, mineralisation of tree-associated (14)C-RDX to (14)CO2 clearly dominated the mass balance in both tree species with 48-83%. 13-33% of (14)C-RDX-derived radioactivity remained in an unleachable form and the remobilisation by water leaching was negligible (< 2%).

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“…However, the identity of the microorganisms responsible for RDX degradation in the environment remains unknown (Fuller, McClay, Higham, Hatzinger, & Steffan, ; Fuller, Perreault, & Hawari, ). Studies undertaken in the past using stable isotope labeling and high‐throughput sequencing generally point to the importance of Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus in RDX degradation (Cho et al., ; Andeer et al., ). A number of studies have also associated RDX degradation to other genera such as Comamonas, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Morganella, Acetobacterium, Geobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Rhizobium, Burkholderia, Shewanella, and Providencio (Jayamani and Cupples, 2015b; Bhushan et al., ; Watrous et al., ; Adrian & Arnett, ; Bhushan, Halasz, Thiboutot, Ampleman, & Hawari, ; Cho, Lee, & Oh, ; Coleman, Spain, & Duxbury, ; Khan, Lee, & Park, ; Kitts, Cunningham, & Unkefer, ; Zhao, Halasz, Paquet, Beaulieu, & Hawari, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostimulation and microbial community profiling reveal insights on RDX transformation in groundwater

et al. 2016

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Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) is a high explosive released to the environment as a result of weapons manufacturing and testing worldwide. At Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Technical Area (TA) 16 260 Outfall discharged high‐explosives‐bearing water from a high‐explosives‐machining facility to Cañon de Valle during 1951 through 1996. These discharges served as a primary source of high‐explosives and inorganic‐element contamination in the area. Data indicate that springs, surface water, alluvial groundwater, and perched‐intermediate groundwater contain explosive compounds, including RDX (hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine); HMX (octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine); and TNT (2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene). RDX has been detected in the regional aquifer in several wells, and a corrective measures evaluation is planned to identify remedial alternatives to protect the regional aquifer. Perched‐intermediate groundwater at Technical Area 16 is present at depths from 650 ft to 1200 ft bgs. In this study, we examined the microbial diversity in a monitoring well completed in perched‐intermediate groundwater contaminated by RDX, and examined the response of the microbial population to biostimulation under varying geochemical conditions. Results show that the groundwater microbiome was dominated by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. A total of 1,605 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 96 bacterial genera were identified. Rhodococcus was the most abundant genus (30.6%) and a total of 46 OTUs were annotated as Rhodococcus. One OTU comprising 25.2% of total sequences was closely related to a RDX ‐degrading strain R. erythropolis HS4. A less abundant OTU from the Pseudomonas family closely related to RDX‐degrading strain P. putida II‐B was also present. Biostimulation significantly enriched Proteobacteria but decreased/eliminated the population of Actinobacteria. Consistent with RDX degradation, the OTU closely related to the RDX‐degrading P. putida strain II‐B was specifically enriched in the RDX‐degrading samples. Analysis of the accumulation of RDX‐degradation products reveals that during active RDX degradation, there is a transient increase in the concentration of the degradation products MNX, DNX, TNX, and NDAB. The accumulation of these degradation products suggests that RDX is degraded via sequential reduction of the nitro functional groups followed by abiotic ring‐cleavage. The results suggest that strict anaerobic conditions are needed to stimulate RDX degradation under the TA‐16 site‐specific conditions.

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Application of 13C-stable isotope probing to identify RDX-degrading microorganisms in groundwater

Cited by 31 publications

References 69 publications

Impact of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic biotransformation on a sediment microbial community

Impact of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic biotransformation on a sediment microbial community

Binding of RDX to Cell Wall Components ofPinus sylvestrisandPicea glaucaand Three-Year Mineralisation Study of Tissue-Associated RDX Residues

Biostimulation and microbial community profiling reveal insights on RDX transformation in groundwater

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