Application issues for large-area electrochromic windows in commercial buildings

Lee, Eleanor S.; DiBartolomeo, D.L.

doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(01)00101-5

Cited by 152 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Ef (lux) = 1040 -P 1 *(99*P 1 + 629) -55*P 2 , ± 113 (subject variability) (2) where P 1 is the window luminance ratio before the blinds were pulled, and P 2 is a blinds variable which is 1 when the blinds are pulled, and -1 when they are up. Table 11 showed that blind use was correlated to mode in agreement with this fit.…”

Section: Other Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrochromic windows we tested have a visible transmittance range which is limited to approximately 3% to 60%. Even 3% transmittance may not be low enough to control glare and direct sun, while higher transmittances are desirable for daylight harvesting and view under lower light conditions [1,2]. The windows we tested are fairly small in size (approximately 0.9 meters on the long side), change color as their transmittance changes, and take several minutes to change their transmittance over their full range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subject responses to electrochromic windows

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Inkarojrit

Lee

2006

Energy and Buildings

120

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Forty-three subjects worked in a private office with switchable electrochromic windows, manuallyoperated Venetian blinds, and dimmable fluorescent lights. The electrochromic window had a visible transmittance range of approximately 3-60%. Analysis of subject responses and physical data collected during the work sessions showed that the electrochromic windows reduced the incidence of glare compared to working under a fixed transmittance (60%) condition. Subjects used the Venetian blinds less often and preferred the variable transmittance condition, but used slightly more electric lighting with it than they did when window transmittance was fixed.

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Section: Other Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subject responses to electrochromic windows

Clear

Inkarojrit

Lee

2006

Energy and Buildings

120

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“…This might lead to the consideration that the evaluation of visual comfort is not strongly driven by the buildings' intended use itself. Furthermore, the same metrics have been used for assessing visual conditions in different building types such as offices [30,[38][39][40][41], industrial buildings [42,43], commercial buildings or commercial building-like facilities [44,45], schools or universities [46,47], hospitals and healthcare facilities [48][49][50], residential buildings [30,51]. Finally, the European standard EN 12464-1 [52] presents reference values for the amount of light (using illuminance), glare (using Unified Glare Rating), uniformity of light (using Illuminance Uniformity) and color rendering quality of artificial light (using Color Rendering Index) as related rather to the "Type of area, task or activity" [52].…”

Section: Building's Intended Usementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of indices for assessing visual comfort with a view to their use in optimization processes to support building integrated design

Carlucci

Causone

Rosa

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

321

156

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In the last decades, several studies aimed at assessing some specified aspects of visual comfort characterizing the relationship between the human needs and the light environment, such as an available amount of light, light uniformity, light quality in rendering colors, and predicting the risk of glare for space occupants. For each of them, a (still growing) number of indices and metrics have been proposed in literature and standards. In the present work, they are described, categorized according to common features, and finally discussed. As in the case of long-term thermal comfort indices, such visual comfort indices and their summation over a specified calculation period might be used for driving optimization processes to support a more conscious integrated design of buildings. To that purpose, the choice among the available visual comfort indices needs to be informed by an analysis of their features and implications. We present recommendations for use, and suggest areas where improvement is needed for their use in optimization processes to support buildings' design.

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“…should be used and when or at what levels [4][5][6]. Full-scale tests have led to a greater appreciation of potential occupant satisfaction and acceptance issues and have yielded limited lighting energy performance data given integrated window-lighting control systems [8]. Additional studies to better understand the performance of such windows in real-world applications are underway or have been completed through the IEA Task 27 activity [9], SWIFT [10], and CEC-DOE field test program [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy-savings potential of electrochromic windows in the UScommercial buildings sector

Lee

Yazdanian²,

Selkowitz³

2004

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Switchable electrochromic (EC) windows have been projected to significantly reduce the energy use of buildings nationwide. This study quantifies the potential impact of electrochromic windows on US primary energy use in the commercial building sector and also provides a broader database of energy use and peak demand savings for perimeter zones than that given in previous LBNL simulation studies. The DOE-2.1E building simulation program was used to predict the annual energy use of a three-storey prototypical commercial office building located in five US climates and 16 California climate zones. The energy performance of an electrochromic window controlled to maintain daylight illuminance at a prescribed setpoint level is compared to conventional and the best available commercial windows as well as windows defined by the ASHRAE 90.1-1999 and California Title 24-2005 Prescriptive Standards. Perimeter zone energy use and peak demand savings data by orientation, window size, and climate are given for windows with interior shading, attached shading, and horizon obstructions (to simulate an urban environment).Perimeter zone primary energy use is reduced by 10-20% in east, south, and west zones in most climates if the commercial building has a large window-to-wall area ratio of 0.60 compared to a spectrally selective low-e window with daylighting controls and no interior or exterior shading. Peak demand for the same condition is reduced by 20-30%. The emerging electrochromic window with daylighting controls is projected to save approximately 91.5-97.3 10 12 Btu in the year 2030 compared to a spectrally selective low-E window with manually-controlled interior shades and no daylighting controls if it reaches a 40% market penetration level in that year.

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Application issues for large-area electrochromic windows in commercial buildings

Cited by 152 publications

References 26 publications

Subject responses to electrochromic windows

Subject responses to electrochromic windows

A review of indices for assessing visual comfort with a view to their use in optimization processes to support building integrated design

The energy-savings potential of electrochromic windows in the UScommercial buildings sector

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