Application and Testing the Reliability and Validity of a Modified Version of Herek's Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale in China

Yu, Yong; Xiao, Shuiyuan; Xiang, Ying

doi:10.1080/00918369.2011.540182

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although private spaces exist where Chinese LGB people can be open about their sexuality, there is still considerable anxiety about the public openness of sexualities which are often considered sexually loose and promiscuous by mainstream Chinese society (Qian ). Yu et al () argue this causes Chinese LGBT people to hide their sexual activities, which can have wider repercussions for heterosexual society regarding the reporting and identifying of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The fear of judgment and shame compels the majority of LGBT people to conduct their homosexual relationships in secret.…”

Section: Stigmatized Hidden Identitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hu and Wang () argue that the problems underpinning hidden sexual identities stem from cultural values which fundamentally shape how Chinese LGBT people perceive themselves. Research identifying individual and social factors that support or obstruct open and hidden sexual identities is severely lacking in China where LGBT people are stigmatized and marginalized (Yu, Xiao and Xiang ), and where the dynamic interaction between culture and identity is perceived by many to be relatively fixed in social terms (Hong et al ). Building on previous research by Hu and Wang () our research sought to study how Chinese culture affects LGBT identities, particularly when traditional cultural cues influence heteronormative behaviour and are perceived to be more immutable than individual desires and the recognition of non‐heterosexual identities (Chiu, Dweck, Tong and Fu ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Hidden identities’: perceptions of sexual identity in Beijing

Miles-Johnson

Wang

2017

British Journal of Sociology

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This article draws upon responses given by volunteers who work in the Beijing LGBT Centre regarding perceptions of sexual identity, and how Chinese culture affects hidden or open sexual identities of Chinese lesbian and gay people in this region. The insights gained from those working carefully to create social change offers an important and original contribution to the field of gay and lesbian studies in China. The findings indicate the volunteers at the Beijing LGBT Centre are frustrated by the lack of acceptance of non-heterosexual relationships among Chinese culture and society, and by the disregard of lesbian gay and bisexual (LGB) people by the Chinese government. The findings also illustrate stigmatization of homosexuality in China is enacted in structural terms (such as in the lack of policy, legislation and positive endorsement by governmental and socio-political organizations), public expression (such as negative attitudes, beliefs or reactions towards LGB people) and internalized repression (through fear of stigmatization, and subsequent abuse due to negative societal attitudes and discrimination). Influenced by the Chinese tradition of conforming to group values, the findings from this study show that volunteers at the Beijing LGBT Centre believe LGB people in China are generally hesitant to disclose their sexual identities, and reject the idea that there had been a collective shift in Chinese culture regarding increased acceptance of LGB people. It also finds volunteers at the LGBT Centre in Beijing blame Chinese culture for its lack of acceptance of non-heterosexual relationships, and state stigmatization of homosexuality in China is due to deep-rooted cultural homophobia.

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Section: Stigmatized Hidden Identitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Hidden identities’: perceptions of sexual identity in Beijing

Miles-Johnson

Wang

2017

British Journal of Sociology

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“…Homosexuality was not decriminalized until 1997, and later in 2001 this term was removed from the list of psychiatric disorders by the Chinese Psychiatric Association[16–18]. Although same sex practices are not illegal in contemporary China, gay men still experience significant negative social and cultural ramifications[19–22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In1992, the sociologist Yinhe Li, initiated the first Chinese study exploring life experiences, sexual practices, and social networks of gay men in Beijing[29]. Further scholarship was undertaken from using a socio-cultural perspectives, to look into how gay men’s behaviors were influenced by the traditional Chinese culture, the impact of social-norm and stigma had on their social network, and the contradiction they faced when balance between family and self-identity[22,30–35]. There were also studies explored the implication of socio-cultural factors on HIV transmission among gay community in China[1,14,24,33,36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Look into the HIV Epidemic of Gay Community with a Socio-Cultural Perspective: A Qualitative Study in China, 2015-2016

He¹,

Lv²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundCurrent Chinese studies continue to view male homosexuality through a disease focused lens which pays limited attention to socio-cultural aspects of sexual behavior and HIV transmission. This qualitative study aimed to investigate how socio-cultural factors influence gay men’s sexual beliefs and behaviors in contemporary China, and their implications for HIV epidemic.Methods and FindingsQualitative methodology was used in this study. During 2015–2016, in-depth interviews were conducted with 61 self identified gay men in Jiangxi, Henan, Heilongjiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu provinces and Chongqing municipality of China. Our study revealed that: 1) influenced by Chinese traditional culture, gay men have conflicts on self-identity, which led to low self-acceptance and negative attitude on sex, and huge socio-psychological stress; 2) a generational differences within gay community was observed, reflected in varied sexual attitudes and practices as well as way for approaching new friends, both of which have implications and challenges on HIV control and prevention; 3) socio-cultural barriers, including open minds towards casual sex and nonmonogamous relationship, and low priority of health demands were widely observed and led to negative coping with AIDS among gay community.ConclusionsIt is essential to take a holistic view into gay men’s HIV epidemic in China. Socio-cultural barriers for HIV control and prevention found in this study call for serious and imperative consideration on integrated measures, including targeted efforts towards effective sex education and further inclusion of socio-cultural perspectives in HIV/AIDS interventions for gay men.

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“…Yu, Xiao, and Xiang (2011) presented some dilemmas that GLB individuals face in China that support the recommendation made by the APA and also align with the importance of collectivism and filial piety in this country. Collection and analysis of the data will allow practitioners to specifically address some of the recommendations made by professional organizations and researchers in terms of support services for this population.…”

Section: Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 66%

Conceptualizing Sexual Identity Development: Implications for GLB Chinese International Students

Quach

Todd

Hepp

et al. 2013

Journal of GLBT Family Studies

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The number of young adults participating in international learning opportunities has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. Nearly three-quarters of a million students from other nations study in the United States annually, one-fifth of which are from China. International students are challenged with developmental tasks above and beyond typical domestic students, as they learn to accommodate dual and conflicting cultural ideologies relating to identity development. This is particularly true for international students from China, who are socialized with the values of filial piety, which include obedience to and respect for one's parents and engagement in conduct to avoid shaming one's family. Moreover, family needs, obligations, and honor come before personal desires. Thus, sexual identity development is of particular importance for Chinese international students, as a gay, lesbian, or bisexual (GLB) identity may not align with family responsibilities and expectations. Yet, missing from the literature is an empirical understanding of the influence of family values on the process of sexual identity development for this population. This theory-building article reviews current models of general and sexual identity development and the complications with their potential use with international students from China, as well as implications for potential research and clinical practice in this area.

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Application and Testing the Reliability and Validity of a Modified Version of Herek's Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale in China

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

‘Hidden identities’: perceptions of sexual identity in Beijing

‘Hidden identities’: perceptions of sexual identity in Beijing

Look into the HIV Epidemic of Gay Community with a Socio-Cultural Perspective: A Qualitative Study in China, 2015-2016

Conceptualizing Sexual Identity Development: Implications for GLB Chinese International Students

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