Application and progress of three‐dimensional bioprinting in spinal cord injury

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system disorder that can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction, which can seriously increase pressure and economic burden on families and societies. The current SCI treatment is mainly to stabilize the spine, prevent secondary damage, and control inflammation. Drug treatment is limited to early, large-scale use of steroids to reduce the effects of edema after SCI. In short, there is no direct treatment for SCI. Recent 3D bioprinting development provides a new solution for SCI treatment: a series of spinal cord bionic scaffolds are being developed to improve spinal cord function after injury. This paper reviews the pathophysiological characteristics of SCI, current treatment methods, and the progress of 3D bioprinting in SCI. Finally, its challenges and prospects in SCI treatment are summarized.

Therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood cells on spinal cord injury

“…The wheeled treadmill test shows the recovery of motor function after SCI 5 . Through three‐dimensional bioprinting, a series of spinal cord biometric scaffolds are being developed to improve motor function after SCI 6 . However, none of the above treatments can be used to completely treat SCI, and can only alleviate symptoms and complications.…”

“… 5 Through three‐dimensional bioprinting, a series of spinal cord biometric scaffolds are being developed to improve motor function after SCI. 6 However, none of the above treatments can be used to completely treat SCI, and can only alleviate symptoms and complications. Stem cells exist in many different forms, including embryonic stem cells, induced stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, urine stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), umbilical cord MSCs, umbilical cord blood cells (UCBs), adipose‐derived stem cells, neural stem cells, and neuroepithelial stem cells.…”