Application and Progress of Combined Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy caused by myocardial infarction (MI) using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a widely researched field, with promising clinical application. However, the low survival rate of transplanted cells has a severe impact on treatment outcome. Currently, research is focused on investigating the strategy of combining genetic engineering, tissue engineering materials, and drug/hypoxia preconditioning to improve ischemic cardiomyopathy treatment outcome using MSC transplantation treatment (MSCTT). This review discusses the application and progress of these techniques.

Effects of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Bone Regeneration and Osseointegration of a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium Implant

“…These results confirmed that the GFs within the PRP effect and stimulate BMSCs [60,61]. Some studies showed that the efficacy of MSCs therapies is frequently restricted due to two factors, i.e., the decreased survival capacity of the transplanted cells due to the harsh acidic, hypoxic, and avascular microenvironment at the lesion site, and the absence of control over their differentiation into the damaged tissues [62,63]. Thus, since GFs such as IGF, TGF-β, and VEGF present in platelets can stimulate BMSCs proliferation, reduce apoptosis and chromosomal instability, delay the appearance of senescent features, and enhance bone mineralization, the use of PRP in association with BMSCs may help to overcome the limit linked to the efficacy of MSCs therapies [25,[32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Human mesenchymal‐stem‐cells‐derived exosomes are important in enhancing porcine islet resistance to hypoxia

“…However, many disadvantages of co‐culture with MSCs, such as inconvenient operation, high cost, low effectiveness, and potential cross‐contamination have limited its clinical application. Recently, the trophic effects of MSC‐secreted bioactive molecules, including exosomes for injured cells, have been demonstrated, especially in hypoxic and apoptotic areas . MSC‐derived exosomes have emerged as an attractive and safe approach for regenerative medicine applications .…”

“…Recently, the trophic effects of MSC-secreted bioactive molecules, including exosomes for injured cells, have been demonstrated, especially in hypoxic and apoptotic areas. 21 MSC-derived exosomes have emerged as an attractive and safe approach for regenerative medicine applications. 22 Relatively, few studies have focused on MSCs' protective effects in hypoxia-induced damage of islets, and the aforementioned studies showed that MSCs protected the islets against oxidative stress-mediated cell death, 20 but the mechanism for the protective role of MSCs in islets' anti-hypoxic process is still vague.…”

Endothelial growth medium suppresses apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro via decrease of miR-29a

“…The therapeutic potential of MSCs for cardiac repair is limited, partly due to their low survival rate within the ischemic myocardial microenvironment into which they are introduced ( 8 , 9 ). Hypoxia and serum deprivation, imitating the ischemic engraftment environment, induce the apoptosis of MSCs ( 20 ).…”

“…However, a randomized control trial ( 4 ) and meta-analyses ( 5 , 6 ) have demonstrated that improvement of cardiac function resulting from MSCs transplantation is limited. One major limiting factor in MSCs transplantation therapy is the low survival rate of the transplanted cells ( 7 , 8 ). This is thought to be due to local inflammatory reactions, ischemia and hypoxia ( 9 ).…”