Applicability of Poiseuille'S Law to Exudation of Oleoresin from Wounds on Slash Pine

Schopmeyer, C. S.; Mergen, François; Evans, Thomas C.

doi:10.1104/pp.29.1.82

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Trees that have a larger defense infrastructure in xylem may be better at surviving herbivore attack by having a greater capacity to produce, store, and transport oleoresin (Hodges et al 1985, Franceshi et al 2005. Most (Schopmeyer et al 1954;Blanche et al 1992) but not all (Lombardero et al 2000) empirical studies have reported a positive correlation between oleoresin flow or mass; and resin duct size or abundance. While environmental factors (e.g., soil moisture, temperature; Blanche et al 1992;Gaylord et al 2007) often explain considerable variation in tree resin flow, such factors were controlled by the paired tree comparisons in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…While environmental factors (e.g., soil moisture, temperature; Blanche et al 1992;Gaylord et al 2007) often explain considerable variation in tree resin flow, such factors were controlled by the paired tree comparisons in our study. By applying Poiseuille's law, with some modification (Schopmeyer et al 1954), small increases in resin duct width should increase oleoresin flow by the power of four. For instance, our study demonstrated that living trees had 13% wider resin ducts than dead trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of resin ducts in reducing ponderosa pine mortality from bark beetle attack

2010

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The relative importance of growth and defense to tree mortality during drought and bark beetle attacks is poorly understood. We addressed this issue by comparing growth and defense characteristics between 25 pairs of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees that survived and trees that died from drought-associated bark beetle attacks in forests of northern Arizona, USA. The three major findings of our research were: (1) xylem resin ducts in live trees were >10% larger (diameter), >25% denser (no. of resin ducts mm(-2)), and composed >50% more area per unit ring growth than dead trees; (2) measures of defense, such as resin duct production (no. of resin ducts year(-1)) and the proportion of xylem ring area to resin ducts, not growth, were the best model parameters of ponderosa pine mortality; and (3) most correlations between annual variation in growth and resin duct characteristics were positive suggesting that conditions conducive to growth also increase resin duct production. Our results suggest that trees that survive drought and subsequent bark beetle attacks invest more carbon in resin defense than trees that die, and that carbon allocation to resin ducts is a more important determinant of tree mortality than allocation to radial growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of resin ducts in reducing ponderosa pine mortality from bark beetle attack

2010

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“…This was less pronounced in the first year in Armuña, probably because the trees had not been tapped before (Rodríguez-García et al, 2014). During the first 15 days after wounding, the resin canal network preformed in the tree the previous year (constitutive and traumatic axial and radial resin canals) connected to the wounded zone starts to empty its contents under the effects of pressure and temperature (Schopmeyer et al, 1954;Lewinsohn et al, 1991) and the de novo resin synthesis process is activated 3-4 days after wounding (Ruel et al, 1998;Lombardero et al, 2000), although in P. taeda some studies have not been able to detect an induced resin flow with mechanical wounding alone (i.e., Klepzig et al, 2005). Resin flow decreases with the sealing of the small radial canals.…”

Section: Intra-annual Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of climate variables on resin yield and secretory structures in tapped Pinus pinaster Ait. in central Spain

Rodríguez-García

Martín

López

et al. 2015

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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a b s t r a c tIn the last five years, sharp increases in the price of natural resins, accompanied by technological advances directed toward mechanization, have made resin tapping a strategic activity for rural development and forest conservation. The resin industry demands more efficient tapping methods and forest management plans as a way to increase competitiveness in a global market. Understanding the effects of environmental conditions on resin yield, especially under the current scenario of climate change, is key to improving techniques and plans in the resin industry. This study aims to evaluate the intra-and inter-annual effects of climate conditions and soil water availability on resin yield in tapped Pinus pinaster stands. The individual resin yield of 26 tapped trees growing at two locations with different stand densities and soil characteristics was measured fortnightly during the tapping season (June to October) for four years. The study was complemented with an analysis of changes in xylem anatomy over the four years, with a focus on axial resin canal traits, including 12 non-tapped trees as controls. Intra-annual variation in resin yield was strongly correlated with temperature, solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration and water deficit. Inter-annual variation in resin yield and resin canal abundance were correlated with temperature and water deficit in spring, but above a certain threshold of cumulated water deficit in summer rainfall favored resin yield. Under adverse climate scenarios where resource optimization is desirable, a reduced tapping season during the warmest months (June-September) would be advisable, assuming a very small production loss. Similarly, in years with a rainy summer and/or dry spring, a slightly longer tapping season could be suggested, as resin yield increases after these events.

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“…More resin duct area may result in a larger reservoir of resin available to pitch out invading pests [27], but small resin ducts may also result in reduced resin flow (i.e., rate of resin delivered). Following Poiseuille's law, decreases in resin duct size should decrease resin flow by the fourth power [69]. This increase in resistance to resin flow may partially explain observations of decreased resin flow with greater competition [70] but requires more direct examination.…”

Section: Defense Relationships With Climate and Competitionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Contrasting Impacts of Climate and Competition on Large Sugar Pine Growth and Defense in a Fire-Excluded Forest of the Central Sierra Nevada

Slack

Kane

Knapp

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:Many forest ecosystems with a large pine component in the western United States have experienced environmental stress associated with climate change and increased competition with forest densification in the absence of fire. Information on how changes in climate and competition affect carbon allocation to tree growth and defense is needed to anticipate changes to tree vigor and, ultimately, stand structure. This study retrospectively examined the influence of annual climate and competition measures on the growth and defense of 113 large sugar pines (Pinus lambertiana) in a mixed-conifer forest of the central Sierra Nevada of California. We found that growth in large sugar pine was positively associated with higher January temperatures and lower intraspecific competition. Resin duct size was negatively associated with climatic water deficit and total competition, while resin duct area contrastingly showed a positive relationship with total competition. From 1979 to 2012, the rates of growth increased, while resin duct size decreased. Our results suggest that tree vigor measures can respond differently to climate and competition factors that may lead to separate growth and defense trends over time. Stress associated with warmer temperatures and higher competition may distinctly influence individual tree and stand-level vigor with potential implications for future forest dynamics.

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Applicability of Poiseuille'S Law to Exudation of Oleoresin from Wounds on Slash Pine

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Importance of resin ducts in reducing ponderosa pine mortality from bark beetle attack

Importance of resin ducts in reducing ponderosa pine mortality from bark beetle attack

Influence of climate variables on resin yield and secretory structures in tapped Pinus pinaster Ait. in central Spain

Contrasting Impacts of Climate and Competition on Large Sugar Pine Growth and Defense in a Fire-Excluded Forest of the Central Sierra Nevada

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