Applicability of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing in urban underground utility tunnel

Guo, Dong Ming; Zhang, Guowei; Zhu, Guoqing; Jia, Boyan; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.csite.2020.100657

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Obviously on an industrial scale this price is expected to be much lower (≈0.05 $/kg). In addition, an indicator of the liquid nitrogen availability is the fact that it has become widely used in modern companies, ranging from cosmetology to industry [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Moreover, the use of air turbine refrigeration machines can reduce the cost of cold production by 3−4 times, and specific energy consumption by 2−3 times compared with the use of liquid nitrogen [ 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifaceted Approach for Cryogenic Waste Tire Recycling

et al. 2021

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One of the important aspects for degradation of the life quality is the ever increasing volume and range of industrial wastes. Polymer wastes, such as automotive tire rubber, are a source of long-term environmental pollution. This paper presents an approach to simplifying the rubber waste recycling process using cryogenic temperatures. The temperature of cryogenic treatment is ranged from 77 K to 280 K. Liquid nitrogen was used as a cryoagent for laboratory tests. Experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to determine the optimal conditions for the recycling process. Numerical studies were performed using the COMSOL Multiphysics cross-platform software. The optimal force of mechanical shock for the destruction of a tire which turned into a glassy state after cryoexposure was determined experimentally. The chemical and physical properties of the final product (crumb rubber) have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The analysis shows that the morphology and elemental composition of the samples remain practically unchanged, demonstrating environmental friendliness of the proposed process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifaceted Approach for Cryogenic Waste Tire Recycling

et al. 2021

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“…With the acceleration of urban modernization in China, utility tunnels are seeing constant increases in both pipeline type and pipeline density, accompanied by more and more fire accidents [3,4]. Since utility tunnels accommodate all kinds of cables essential for the normal operation of a city, in case of a fire, the vast amount of smoke produced by cable combustion will soon fill up the utility tunnel, posing significant difficulties to fire rescue operation and jeopardizing the normal operation of the city [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fire Compartmentation and Smoke Exhaust Measures on Smoke Spread Caused by Cable Fire in Utility Tunnel

Zhang

Jia³

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Investigating the behavior of fire smoke in utility tunnel as well as smoke prevention and control measures are of vital significance for exhausting smoke from utility tunnel, realizing efficient firefighting and rescue, and guaranteeing the normal operation of cities. Taking utility tunnel as the research background, this paper builds a simulation calculation model for fire smoke prevention and control in the utility tunnel using PyroSim numerical simulation software and explores the rules of smoke spread under conditions such as building ceiling screen, changing fire compartmentation tightness, and adding smoke exhaust facilities. According to study results, before the tunnel was filled with smoke, ceiling screens lowered smoke spread rate, and smoke spread rate was inversely proportional to the ceiling screen height. When the fire door was opened, fire smoke spread to the adjacent fire compartment, and smoke spread rate was directly proportional to the fire door opening angle. Before the tunnel was filled up, mechanical smoke exhaust facilities significantly lowered the smoke spread rate by as much as 50%. When the entire tunnel was full of smoke, mechanical smoke exhaust facilities significantly reduced the smoke concentration in the utility tunnel; smoke layer temperature dropped by as much as 32°C, while visibility improved by as much as 66%. By studying smoke spread in utility tunnel, this paper aims to determine the optimal measures of preventing and controlling smoke spread in utility tunnel. This paper could also offer some reference for practical engineering applications in smoke prevention and control in utility tunnel.

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