Abstract:Rigorous superposition T-matrix method is used to compute light interaction with mesocrystalline structures. The results are used to validate the applicability of effective medium theories for computing the effective optical constants of mesocrystal structures composed of optically isotropic materials. It is demonstrated that the Maxwell-Garnett theory can fit the rigorous simulation results with an average accuracy of 2%. The thus obtained refractive indexes can be used with any electromagnetic simulation sof… Show more
“…The processing reduces the hemicellulosic and lignin concentrations in the recycled papers as well [18]. The dielectric properties of paper, in the aggregate, can estimate the relative fractions of each component; the electrical properties of the paper sample are determined by the ratio of virgin to recycled fibers [12,19].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recycling 2018, 3, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 10 recycled fibers [12,19]. Consequently, the extrinsic properties of the recycled papers can be phonologically approximated as a fraction-weighted linear combination of the virgin and 100% recycled pulps, as shown in Figure 2.…”
Current product composition and quality test methods for the paper and pulp industries are rooted in wet-bench chemistry techniques which cannot be used to distinguish between virgin and secondary fibers. We have recently demonstrated the application of an in situ and nondestructive assessment method based on dielectric spectroscopy (DS), which can address this deficiency in the testing of paper. The DS technique, which employs a resonant microwave cavity, could be applicable to quality assurance techniques such as gauge capability studies and real-time statistical process control (SPC), and may have inherent forensic capabilities. In this paper, we show how this DS technique can be used to distinguish between office copier paper products which may contain recycled fibers. We show a reasonable correlation between the dielectric characteristics (e.g., dielectric loss) and the atomistic level chemical changes that result from the paper recycling process.
“…The processing reduces the hemicellulosic and lignin concentrations in the recycled papers as well [18]. The dielectric properties of paper, in the aggregate, can estimate the relative fractions of each component; the electrical properties of the paper sample are determined by the ratio of virgin to recycled fibers [12,19].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recycling 2018, 3, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 10 recycled fibers [12,19]. Consequently, the extrinsic properties of the recycled papers can be phonologically approximated as a fraction-weighted linear combination of the virgin and 100% recycled pulps, as shown in Figure 2.…”
Current product composition and quality test methods for the paper and pulp industries are rooted in wet-bench chemistry techniques which cannot be used to distinguish between virgin and secondary fibers. We have recently demonstrated the application of an in situ and nondestructive assessment method based on dielectric spectroscopy (DS), which can address this deficiency in the testing of paper. The DS technique, which employs a resonant microwave cavity, could be applicable to quality assurance techniques such as gauge capability studies and real-time statistical process control (SPC), and may have inherent forensic capabilities. In this paper, we show how this DS technique can be used to distinguish between office copier paper products which may contain recycled fibers. We show a reasonable correlation between the dielectric characteristics (e.g., dielectric loss) and the atomistic level chemical changes that result from the paper recycling process.
“…The emitter denoted ML1 consists of a 60-nm alumina top layer, a 90-nm central layer of 17%-by-volume alloy of titanium nitride in aluminum nitride, and a terminal (bottom) tungsten layer that is optically thick. The Bruggeman effective-medium approximation is used to model the titanium nitride/aluminum nitride alloy [47]. The emitter denoted ML2 consists of 31-nm theoretical material modelled as a Lorentz oscillator [48], 85-nm aluminum nitride, 125 nm silicon dioxide, 174 nm aluminum nitride, 173 nm silicon dioxide, with a terminal optically thick tungsten layer.…”
Section: Appendix B: Details Of Incandescent Emitter/filter Structuresmentioning
Multilayer nanostructures represent an important class of materials with tunable optical and thermal radiative properties that can be leveraged for a wide range of energy applications. We present a theoretical framework for optimizing the geometry of such structures that utilizes gradients of various objective functions that are enabled through analytic differentiation of the transfer-matrix equations. We demonstrate the usefulness of this method by applying it to the local optimization of many-degree-of-freedom structures for incandescent light sources, and the global optimization of few-degree-of-freedom structures that serve as solar cell coatings and optical cavities for enhancing the absorption of organic chromophores embedded in thin films.
“…The microscopic-level complexity of particle aggregates makes a direct solution for MWEs unfeasible. Effective-medium approximations (EMAs) have been widely used to model the radiometric properties of homogeneous substances [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The unparalleled simplicity of EMAs leads to a simplified calculation.…”
The radiometric properties, including the extinction efficiency, absorption efficiency, scattering efficiency, and asymmetric parameter values of particle aggregates consisting of multiple chemical components are critical in industry and nature. This article aims to analyze the influence of chemical component distribution on these radiometric properties. The particle aggregates are generated by a diffusion-limited aggregate method by which spherical particles are stuck together randomly. The particle aggregates have two components with a major component of a fixed refractive index and a minor component of a changed refractive index. The radiometric properties are calculated using a multi-sphere T-matrix (MSTM) method for particle aggregates with different particle radii and with refractive indices, distributions of components, and volume fractions of the minor component. The results show that the chemical component distribution influences the radiometric properties of the particle aggregate. Evenly spreading the strong absorptive minor component into each particle, compared to concentrating it in a few particles, can raise the absorption efficiency, reduce the scattering efficiency, and ultimately reduce the extinction efficiency of the aggregate. For aggregates with major and minor components in different particles, a similar effect is shown when spreading the minor component particles evenly in the aggregate relative to gathering them in one part of the aggregate.
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