Applicability of Dickson Charge Pump in Energy Harvesting Systems: Experimental Validation of Energy Harvesting Charge Pump Model

Abstract

Energy harvesting methods provide very low instantaneous power. Accordingly, available voltage levels are low and must be increased so that an energy harvesting method can be used as a power supply. One approach uses charge pumps to boost low AC voltage from energy harvester to a higher DC voltage. Characterized by very low output current and a wide span of operating frequencies, energy harvesting methods introduce a number of limitations to charge pump operation. This paper describes and models behavior of Dickson charge pump in energy harvesting applications. Proposed Energy Harvesting model is evaluated and compared with Standard and Tanzawa charge pump models and with measurement results. Based on the proposed model, the conditions that need to be satisfied so that a charge pump can reach maximum power point of energy harvesting system are defined. Parameter selection method optimized for maximum power point is presented and is experimentally validated.

180 nm CMOS Cold-Start Energy-Aware Switching Circuit for Energy Management in WPT Receiver

“…3) which limits maximal frequency (f MAX ) at which the charge pump can operate. This upper cut-off frequency f MAX is given as [14]:…”

“…In loosely coupled WPT system, the R EH value depends on the resonant tank of the receiver (values of capacitance and inductance, and the quality factor), and it does not change significantly with the coupling coefficient k. The operating frequency of the charge pump (which equals the operating frequency of WPT system) must be lower than the upper cut-off frequency f MAX . Then, the stage capacitors C value can be selected as [14]:…”

“…F = 1.414 for sine voltage waveform. Number of charge pump stages N depends on the diode's threshold voltage U th and the difference between input voltage U EH and output voltage U 0 of the charge pump [14]:…”

“…Thus, the MPP cannot be achieved without additional circuitry. When MPP is not used, the number of charge pump stages can be cut in half, which significantly decreases charge pump output resistance RS_EH [14], equation (4), and decreases storage capacitor charging time. ( )…”

Dynamics and Model Predictive Control of Current-Fed Dickson Voltage Multiplier: TS Fuzzy Approach

“…In response to these issues, an inductor or current source can be integrated into the SC converters, also leading to soft switching of semiconductor switches and enhanced efficiency [1], [2], [13]. The SC converters applications include high side MOSFET gate drive circuitry [2], battery charge stabilization [14], high-efficiency DC/DC converters [11], photovoltaic (PV) interface systems [15], power supply processors, flash memory [13], fuel cell (FC) [16], energy extraction [17], and IoT systems [18].…”