Applicability of a Surveillance Methodology for the Microbiological Safety of Well Water Supplies, in a Highly Vulnerable Hydrogeological Setting——A Case Study Based Findings from the West Coastal Area of Sri Lanka

Barthiban, Shivasorupy; Lloyd, B. J.; Maier, Matthias

doi:10.4236/jwarp.2012.411106

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Drinking water sources with fecal contamination may cause outbreaks of illness and economic degradation [1]. Groundwater is a major source for domestic water use, and fecal contamination has been widely reported in many developing countries [2][3][4][5][6], and appears to be a persistent problem [7]. High risks of diarrhea result from drinking enteropathogen-contaminated groundwater [8] and from consuming vegetables washed in contaminated groundwater [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Human and Animal Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water Sources in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Using Host-Associated Bacteroidales Quantitative PCR Assays

Malla

Shrestha

Tandukar

et al. 2018

Water

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This study identified the sources of fecal contamination in the groundwater of different land covers. A total of 300 groundwater samples were collected in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, in the dry (n = 152) and wet (n = 148) seasons of 2016. Fecal indicator bacteria were initially enumerated, and then fecal contamination sources were identified using human (BacHum), ruminant (BacR), and pig-associated (Pig2Bac) Bacteroidales quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. Sixty-six percent (197/300) of the tested groundwater samples had Escherichia coli concentrations higher than the World Health Organization threshold for drinking (<1 most probable number/100 mL). The fecal contamination of the groundwater was of human (22%, 55/250), ruminant (11%, 28/250), and pig (3%, 8/250) origin. Deep tube wells were less likely to be positive for E. coli and fecal markers compared to shallow dug wells. The human fecal marker was more likely to be detected in sources from built-up as compared to agricultural areas (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.60, p = 0.002). Likewise, the ruminant fecal marker was more likely to be detected in sources from agricultural as compared to built-up areas (AOR = 2.90, p = 0.018). These findings suggest the preparation of mitigation strategies for controlling fecal pollution based on land cover and well types.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Human and Animal Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water Sources in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Using Host-Associated Bacteroidales Quantitative PCR Assays

Malla

Shrestha

Tandukar

et al. 2018

Water

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Groundwater use and diarrhoea in urban Nepal: novel application of a geostatistical interpolation technique linking environmental and epidemiologic survey data

Shrestha

Nakamura

Magome

et al. 2018

International Health

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BackgroundGroundwater is a common domestic water source in developing countries, but is persistently contaminated with enteropathogens. However, studies on determinants of diarrhoea have predominantly focused on piped water. This study examines the relationship between groundwater microbial quality and household diarrhoea occurrence (HDO).MethodsConsidering it as a proxy of enteropathogens, this study analysed Escherichia coli concentrations in groundwater wells. Ordinary kriging, a geostatistical technique in geographic information systems, was used to interpolate the E. coli concentration to survey points that had secondary survey data (n=942). The relationship between E. coli and HDO using simple and multivariate statistical analyses in SPSS was analysed.ResultsA total of 77% of households used groundwater. One-third of households were without piped-water access (PWA), and these households were significantly more likely to use groundwater than those with PWA. Of the 87 households that reported HDO, 77% were groundwater users. Of the groundwater users, the households with HDO consumed groundwater with significantly higher E. coli concentrations than the households without HDO. Of the households without PWA, the increase in the E. coli concentration increased the odds of HDO (adjusted odds ratio=3.15; 95% CI=1.07–9.22).ConclusionIt is suggested that the groundwater microbial quality is a risk factor for HDO and illustrates this by an application of an interpolation technique relevant for developing countries.

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Groundwater Contamination Due to Nitrate in a Coastal Aquifer: Conjecture and Identification Along the West Coast from Katana to Negombo, Sri Lanka

Ratha¹

2019

IJERT

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Applicability of a Surveillance Methodology for the Microbiological Safety of Well Water Supplies, in a Highly Vulnerable Hydrogeological Setting——A Case Study Based Findings from the West Coastal Area of Sri Lanka

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Identification of Human and Animal Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water Sources in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Using Host-Associated Bacteroidales Quantitative PCR Assays

Identification of Human and Animal Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water Sources in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Using Host-Associated Bacteroidales Quantitative PCR Assays

Groundwater use and diarrhoea in urban Nepal: novel application of a geostatistical interpolation technique linking environmental and epidemiologic survey data

Groundwater Contamination Due to Nitrate in a Coastal Aquifer: Conjecture and Identification Along the West Coast from Katana to Negombo, Sri Lanka

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