Apples in action: Territoriality and land use politics of mountain agriculture in Taiwan

Abstract

This essay outlines the symbolic and material transformation of mountain agriculture in Taiwan by tracing the historical trajectories of temperate fruit production, and of apple growing in particular. Specifically, we look at the area of Lishan, a major production centre for apples and other temperate fruits in Taiwan's Central Mountain Range in order to explore the relationship between the mountain agriculture and the politics of territorialisation. Focusing on the post‐war era, we argue that the development of mountain agriculture in Taiwan, and upland fruit growing in particular, has operated as a ‘more‐than‐human political technology’. The territory of Lishan is not just a passive geographical space, but engaged in a process of becoming, which re‐makes the mountain areas of Taiwan into ‘apple zones’ both spatially and socially. The spatial dimension centres on processes of political territorialisation, economic deterritorialisation and combined reterritorialisations whereby apple plantations have transformed the landscape from one focused on strategic politics to one embedded within development and market frameworks which entail their own particular forms of politics. The social dimensions are centred on the politics of forging connections among different elements circulating through the mountain areas of Taiwan, including apples, soldiers, transport infrastructures and agricultural policies.

Bringing the Vegetables Back In: The Unruly Dynamics of Postwar Market Gardening in British Colonial Hong Kong

“…Similar to the win-win situation of turning rugged mountainous regions into profitable apple plantations by demilitarized veteran soldiers in Lishan upland, Taiwan, immediately after Kuomintang’s retreat to Taiwan after 1949 (Hung & Hsiao, 2018), under this grand scheme of government by territorialization, the stability of the agricultural population comprised mainly of Chinese refugees who were imagined to be profitably compatible with the economic growth in the urban area.…”