Apple mosaic virus isolated from hop plants in Japan

Shimmen, Teruo; Sasaki, Matsuo; Shikata, Eishiro

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1985.tb03120.x

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Indeed, we should note that all the hops examined were infected with HLVd. Furthermore, almost all the hops cultivated in Japan were infected with Hop latent virus (HLV) and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), although replanting with virus-free hops is now encouraged (Hataya et al 2000;Kanno et al 1993;Sano et al 1985;. It is apparent from the cultivation history and our field observations that the hops in Akita were not free of HLV and ApMV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Characterization of a new viroid strain from hops: evidence for viroid speciation by isolation in different host species

Shimmen

Yoshida

Goshono

et al. 2004

Journal of General Plant Pathology

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A new viroid was detected in hops cultivated in Akita Prefecture, Japan where it is prevalent in many hops fields. In a survey of hop samples collected during the 1986-2002 growing seasons, the new viroid was present in the major Japanese hop-cultivating areas as early as the 1980s. A single-stranded circular RNA of 368-372 nucleotides that assume a highly basepaired, stable, rod-like secondary structure, shares 93%-98% sequence homology with Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) isolated from apple and 85%-87% with Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd) isolated from grapevine. Taking into account the present concept of viroid species, we conclude that the viroid is AFCVd. Circumstantial evidence suggests that AFCVd from apples and hops were endemic in Japan only where cultivation of the two host plants overlapped, thereby strongly supporting the possibility that AFCVd (or an ancestral viroid) was transmitted across the species barrier from apples to hops or hops to apples somewhere in the region. Phylogenetic analysis of AFCVd from hops, AFCVd from apples, and AGVd together with the other members of the genus Apscaviroid revealed that the Akita isolates of AFCVd from hops (AFCVd-hop) formed a cluster that is distinct from AFCVd-apple and AGVd. Accumulation of hostspecific sequence variation following their isolation in different host species may be leading to the formation of two viroid species from a common ancestor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Characterization of a new viroid strain from hops: evidence for viroid speciation by isolation in different host species

Shimmen

Yoshida

Goshono

et al. 2004

Journal of General Plant Pathology

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“…Several viruses infecting the cultivated hop (Hurnulus lupulus L.) have been spread within and between countries by vegetative propagation of infected material, and occur throughout hop-growing regions of the world: hop mosaic (HMV), hop latent (HLV) and prunus necrotic ringspot (NRSV) viruses (Barbara & Adams, 1981;Fridlund, 1959;Munro, 1987;Yu & Liu, 1987;Sano, Sasaki & Shikata, 1985;Probasco & Skotland, 1978). Although NRSV and arabis mosaic virus are seed-borne in hop, the risk of spreading such viruses in hop seed is minimal because virtually all movement (both commercial and for research) is of vegetative material of established cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range, purification and some properties of a new ilarvirus from Humulus japonicus

Adams

Clark

Barbara

1989

Annals of Applied Biology

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In 1986, during routine quarantine testing, an apparently undescribed virus was isolated from two of 21 plants of Humulus japonicus grown from seed imported into the UK from Beijing, Peoples Republic of China. The virus, for which we propose the name humulus japonicus virus (H JV), was transmitted mechanically to a wide range of herbaceous plants. No symptoms were seen in virus-infected H. japonicus plants. HJV infected, but did not become systemic, in the cultivated hop (Humulus lupulus) under our conditions although it has been detected serologically in both species of Humulus growing near Beijing. The virus was transmitted through seed of Chenopodium quinoa and was also associated externally with pollen of that species, but no pollen-transmission tests were conducted. HJV was easily purified. Virus particles comprised a single polypeptide (mol. wt c. 26 350) and four RNA molecules (mol. wts 1.31, 1.05, 0.75 and 0.39 x lo6). The three larger mol. wt RNAs were not infective in the absence of the smallest RNA. The particles were quasi-isometric and variable in size. Purified preparations of particles formed four bands in sucrose density gradients but (after fixing with formaldehyde) only a single band (with a density of 1.364 g/ml) in caesium chloride isopycnic gradients.These properties are similar to those of ilarviruses, and HJV was very distantly related serologically to prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus. We suggest, therefore, that HJV be regarded as a new member of the ilarvirus group.All known infected plants of H . japonicus at the site of introduction have been destroyed and the virus has probably been eliminated from there. Testing is continuing to confirm this. Virus propagation and transmissionHJV was maintained in Chenopodium quinoa; isolates of the apple serotype (apple mosaic virus, ApMV, originally isolated from Aesculus hippocastanum) and cherry serotype (NRSV, originally isolated from rose) of prunus necrotic ringspot virus were maintained in cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Bedfordshire Prize Ridge).Transmission was usually by mechanical inoculation of extracts in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, to leaves previously dusted with carborundum (300 grit). For host range tests, the inoculum was prepared in buffer E (see below). To reduce the effects of inhibitors of infection, extracts from C . quinoa were clarified with chloroform as described below (see Purification), the virus pelleted by centrifugation at 140 000 g for 90 min. and resuspended in buffer E. At least two plants of each species were inoculated and each was tested for infection by ELISA 3-4 wk later.All plants were grown in a glasshouse maintained at 1525°C (occasionally higher during the summer). Supplementary lighting extended the daylength to 16 h in winter. Assay of pollen for virusAnthers were collected from C. quinoa c. 4 wk after inoculation to test for the association of virus with pollen. After air-drying for 2-4 days at room temperature, pollen was collected from disrupted anthers with a moist camel hair brush, taking...

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