Apple Fruit Removal and Limb Girdling Affect Fruit and Leaf Characteristics

Schechter, Ido; Proctor, John; Elfving, D.C.

doi:10.21273/jashs.119.2.157

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(31 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Score girdling in each year (SG15 or SG1516) also tended to increase the fruit color in the same year but effects were not significant ( Table 2). This result agrees with a previous study in 'Red Delicious' apple (Schechter et al, 1994). However, BG15 or SG15 did not have any effects on the fruit red color in 2016.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Score girdling also tended to reduce the terminal growth and increase TCSA of the treated trees as compared with the NOGD trees, although differences were not significant ( Table 1). Accumulation of starch and other nutrients on both sides of girdled area may have increased TCSA (Noel et al, 1970;Schechter et al, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early spring trunk girdling increased fruit set and flower bud formation and reduced vegetative growth on apple trees (Autio and Greene, 1994;Greene and Lord, 1983;Hennerty and Forshey, 1971;Hoying and Robinson, 1992). Schechter et al (1994) reported that fruit on girdled limbs had higher fruit dry weight and dry weight concentration than on nongirdled limbs. Leaf area on nongirdled limbs was unaffected by crop load but increased dramatically on girdled limbs with a crop load of less than one fruit per square centimeter limb cross-sectional area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rootstock, Canopy Architecture, Bark Girdling, and Scoring Influence on Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality at Harvest in ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple

Fallahi¹,

Kiester²,

Fallahi³

et al. 2018

horts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increasing scarcity of land and water for agriculture mandates an efficient use of these natural resources. Establishment of high-density orchards with the use of a size-controlling rootstock, in combination with a suitable canopy architecture, is an efficient method for fruit production. However, less attention has been paid to the use of size-controlling practices such as trunk girdling in these modern orchard systems. The impacts of two rootstocks, two tree architectures, and three levels of bark cambium cuts (girdling or scoring) on growth, yield, fruit quality attributes at harvest, and leaf nitrogen (N) in 'Aztec Fuji' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied in 2015 and 2016. Trees on Nic 29 had larger canopies, higher yields, and larger fruit, but lower fruit color, sunburn, and firmness than those on Bud 9. Trees with a tall spindle (TS) architecture had higher yield in 2016, higher fruit soluble solids and firmness in 2015, higher fruit russet in 2016, but shorter terminal growth in both 2015 and 2016 and lower leaf N in 2015 than did those with a central leader (CL) training system. Trees receiving a bark girdling in 2015 (BG15) or score girdling in 2015 and 2016 (SG1516) had significantly higher yield than trees on nongirdled trees (NOGD) in 2016. Bark girdling or score girdling in 2015 (BG15 or SG15) increased fruit weight (size), color, and firmness at harvest in the same year, although differences for score girdling were not always significant. However, BG15 or SG15 did not have a ''carryover'' effect and did not affect fruit size, color, or firmness at harvest in 2016. When bark scoring was repeated in 2016 (SG1516), fruit size was increased in 2016. On the basis of the results of this 2-year study, it appears that bark girdling in one year is sufficient to increase fruit size of the current year and the yield in the following year. If larger fruit size is the critical objective of fruit production, annual score girdling needs to be practiced. However, a further long-term study is needed to monitor the carryover effects of cambium girdling and scoring on tree performance and fruit quality attributes in the subsequent years.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rootstock, Canopy Architecture, Bark Girdling, and Scoring Influence on Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality at Harvest in ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple

Fallahi¹,

Kiester²,

Fallahi³

et al. 2018

horts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Correlations were not improved by using ratios of Ca, Mg and K (data not presented). (Schechter et al, 1994) and reduced stomatal conductance (Gucci et ai., 1995) in leaves of "thinned" branches (high leaf:fruit ratios) have been observed in apple. Higher leaf starch concentrations in treatments 60 and 120 indicated that excess photoassimilates were being accumulated during fruiting, which may have led to "end-product inhibition" of photosynthesis and consequently reduced stomatal conductance (Schaffer et ai., 1987;Layne aQd Flore, 1995).…”

Section: Fruit Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of leaf: fruit ratios on fruit growth, mineral concentration and quality of mango (Mangifera indicaL. cv. Kensington Pride)

Simmons

Hofman

Whiley³

et al. 1998

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Girdling or scoring for induction of branches in the desired area on the tree trunk and improvement of fruit has been practiced in several fruit crops including avocado (Persea americana) (Davie, Stassen, Van der Walt, & Snijder, 1995), stone fruit (Agusti, Andreu, Juan, Almela, & Zacarias, 1998;Day & DeJong, 1990), pear trees (Pyrus communis) (Raffo et al, 2011), grapes (Vitis vinifera) (Reynolds & de Savigny, 2004;Fallahi, Tehranifar, & Gharaghani, 2017) and apple (Schechter, Proctor, & Elfving, 1994;. However, bark girdling may impair tree and vine health if callusing is slow or inadequate Fernandez-Escobar, Martin, Lopez-Rivares, & Paz Suarez, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Branch Configuration Impacts on Production, Fruit Quality, and Leaf Minerals of ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple Trees in an Upright Single Row High-Density Orchard System Over Five Years

Fallahi¹,

Fallahi²,

Mahdavi³

2020

JAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tree architectures play a critical role in the productivity of high-density orchards, but limited information is available in this subject. We studied effects of three branch configurations on tree growth, yield components, fruit quality and leaf mineral nutrients in 'Aztec Fuji' apple (Malus domestica Bork.) in a single row upright high-density system under southwest Idaho, USA conditions over 2012-2016. This study revealed that trees trained into a Tall Spindle (TS) had larger trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) than those with an Overlapped Arm (OA) system. Trees trained into a TS had higher number of fruit and yield per tree, three years after planting in 2012, than those with a Tipping Arm (TA) or OA system. However, in 2013, trees with a TA system had higher yield than those with a TS or OA configuration due to trees' biennial bearing habit and higher spur formation in trees with a TA system. Trees receiving a TA training had lower biennial bearing index between all consecutive years. Trees with an OA training had smaller fruit than those with either a TA or TS training in all years between 2012-2016. Training systems did not have any effect on fruit color, soluble solids concentration, or starch degradation pattern at harvest. However, fruit from trees with an OA training had higher firmness and lower water core than those from trees with a TS or TA training. Leaves from trees receiving a TA training had greater leaf area, fresh weight, and potassium (K) and magnesium (Mn) concentrations than those with other trainings. Leaves from trees receiving an OA training had higher leaf iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) than those with a TS training. In this study, we concluded that training trees into a TA configuration rather than an OA system is recommended if the management and operation of apple production mandate the use of an "upright wall" structure to facilitate mechanical harvesting.

show abstract

Apple Fruit Removal and Limb Girdling Affect Fruit and Leaf Characteristics

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Rootstock, Canopy Architecture, Bark Girdling, and Scoring Influence on Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality at Harvest in ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple

Rootstock, Canopy Architecture, Bark Girdling, and Scoring Influence on Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality at Harvest in ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple

Effects of leaf: fruit ratios on fruit growth, mineral concentration and quality of mango (Mangifera indicaL. cv. Kensington Pride)

Branch Configuration Impacts on Production, Fruit Quality, and Leaf Minerals of ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple Trees in an Upright Single Row High-Density Orchard System Over Five Years

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About