Apple Disease Control and Bloom-Thinning Effects by Lime Sulfur, Regalia, and JMS Stylet-Oil

DeLong, Candace N.; Yoder, Keith S.; Cochran, Allen; Kilmer, Scott; Royston, William; Combs, L.D.; Peck, Gregory M.

doi:10.1094/php-10-17-0065-rs

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The giant knotweed extract (Regalia; Marrone Bio Innovations, Davis, CA), an elicitor for plant defense, effectively reduced the powdery mildew disease severity and disease progress in this current study. Similar results of giant knotweed extract in reducing powdery mildew in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and apple (Malus domestica) (Baysal- Gurel and Miller, 2015;DeLong et al, 2018;Giotis et al, 2012;Herger and Klingauf, 1990;Rur et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2016). The antifungal activity of giant knotweed extract is by activating the plant defense system, preventing the growth and germination of fungal conidia (B elanger and Benyagoub, 1997; Konstantinidou-Doltsinis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Management of Powdery Mildew on Ninebark Using Sanitizers, Biorational Products, and Fungicides

Baysal-Gurel¹,

Bika²

2021

horts

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Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) is a popular ornamental shrub and considered a hardy and tough plant that can thrive in different environmental conditions and resist diseases. However, powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera physocarpi, can severelyaffect ninebark, deteriorating the ornamental value and making them unmarketable. Only a few studies have been done in managing powdery mildew of ninebark. The current study focuses on evaluating and identifying effective products (sanitizers, biorational products, and fungicides) for the management of powdery mildew disease of ninebark. A total of 12 treatments, including nontreated control, were studied. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four-single ‘Mindia Coppertina®’ ninebark plant per treatment and repeated twice. Powdery mildew disease severity, growth parameters, and phytotoxicity were assessed in the study. All treatments significantly reduced the powdery mildew disease severity and disease progress [area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)] compared with the nontreated control. The treatments, such as azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr at 0.17 and 0.23 g·L–1 total active ingredients (a.i.) applied, chlorothalonil + propiconazole at 1.12 mL·L–1 total a.i. applied, azoxystrobin + tebuconazole at 0.11 and 0.16 g·L–1 total a.i. applied, and giant knotweed extract [Reynoutria sachalinensis (0.5 mL·L–1 total a.i. applied)] were the most effective treatments in reducing disease severity and disease progress in both trials. The treatments had no significant effects on the plant growth parameters such as height and width. In Expt. 2, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr and hydrogen peroxide + peroxyacetic acid treated plants showed the low level of phytotoxic symptoms. The phytotoxicity of these two treatments in Expt. 2 could be related to higher environmental temperature during the experimental period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Management of Powdery Mildew on Ninebark Using Sanitizers, Biorational Products, and Fungicides

Baysal-Gurel¹,

Bika²

2021

horts

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“…Furthermore, lime sulphur can serve as a source of sulphur nutrition and is also known as a post‐infection fungicide against various fungal diseases (Holb et al, 2003; Jamar et al, 2008). Additionally, it has an excellent disinfectant activity on disease inoculum present on fallen leaves (Cromwell et al, 2011; DeLong et al, 2018), which can be a valuable option if there is no possibility to collect and compost fallen leaves. Nevertheless, it needs to be noted that the use of lime sulphur raises significant environmental concerns and current regulations are advised to restrict the use of lime sulphur in apple orchards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and cost–benefit analyses for apple scab sanitation practices in integrated and organic apple management systems

Antal,

Szabó,

Szarvas

et al. 2023

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact statementReduced fungicide use lowers environmental pollution and enables safer food production. The usage of fungicides in apple orchards can be reduced through the application of sanitation practices which decrease the inoculum sources of apple scab disease on fallen leaves. This study found two non‐chemical sanitation practices, namely the collection of fallen leaves (CFL) and CFL combined with straw mulch in tree rows, were beneficial. These two practices are not only biologically and environmentally valuable, as they reduce disease levels and can replace chemical fungicides, but they are also economically efficient options for integrated and organic orchards compared to non‐sanitized ones.Summary Severe fungicide use can be reduced by applications of sanitation practices in order to reduce scab incidence, yield and fruit quality losses in apple orchards. In a 5‐year study, we aimed to investigate the effect of sanitation practices on biological and cost–benefit parameters in two sustainable apple management systems, and to find significant correlations among the parameters. We investigated the effect of five sanitation treatments (lime sulphur, leaf collection, mulching, lime sulphur + leaf collection, leaf collection + mulching) on four biological (scab incidence, fruit parameters: total yield, yield class I and II) and seven cost–benefit (three cost types, three annual revenue types, income surplus/deficit) parameters in integrated and organic apple orchards. Correlation, linear regression and principal component analyses (PCA) were performed to find correlations among biological and cost–benefit parameters. Results showed that fruit scab incidence was 3.4–8.1 times higher, while total yield was 1.4–1.8 times lower in the organic management system than in the integrated one. The treatment of leaf collection and/or leaf collection + mulching showed higher total cost (180.3 and 675.2 EUR ha−1) but lower scab incidence (5.3 and 27.3%; 4.8 and 26.7%, integrated and organic, respectively) and higher yield with greater total revenues (10,235 and 10,329 EUR ha−1; 8,136 and 8,230 EUR ha−1, integrated and organic, respectively) and income surpluses (851 and 451 EUR ha−1; 897 and 496 EUR ha−1, integrated and organic, respectively) compared to non‐sanitized control treatments in most cases. Other sanitation treatments provided fewer biological and/or no financial benefits. Results from correlation and linear regression analyses indicated strong relationships among the factors of total yield vs surplus, class I vs surplus, and fruit scab vs class II) in both management systems. Further relationships were detected among almost all parameters in the PCA. Overall, our study demonstrated that two non‐chemical sanitation treatments could not only reduce scab incidence and increase fruit yield, but could show positive cost–benefit outcomes in both management systems.

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“…Lime sulfur (calcium polysulfide), another plant disease control reagent, has been allowed to be used in organic crop production as an insecticide (including acaricide or mite control) by the USDA National Organic Program (NOP). Previous studies showed that lime sulfur could control pear scab and rust ( 20 ) and apple scab and cedar apple rust ( 21 ). However, whether these fumigants and fungicides can be adapted to American ginseng and effectively mediate root rot disease and replant problems is still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A soil fumigant increases American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) survival and growth under continuous cropping by affecting soil microbiome assembly: a 4-year in situ field experiment

Peng,

Bi,

Jiao

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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The replant problem is a widespread challenge in agricultural production and results in significant financial losses. The survival and development of American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.), a well-known perennial medicinal plant, also typically suffer from replant problems. At present, efficient strategies for this issue and the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. Here, a series of in situ field experiments over a 4-year period were conducted to investigate the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of soil fumigation and fungicide in improving American ginseng survival under continuous cropping. During the 4-year ginseng cultivation, the seedling emergence rates in the dazomet fumigation-treated group (DF) decreased from 90.67% to 52.92%, from 78.67% to 0% in the lime sulfur fungicide-treated group (LS), and from 66.67% to 0% in the control. The fresh root weight in DF increased from 0.36 to 28.72 g, from 0.32 to 13.74 g in LS, and from 0.42 to 9.06 g in the control for the first 2 years. However, no ginseng survived during the following 2 years. Moreover, DF significantly decreased root rot disease incidence by 55.55% compared to LS-treated soil and 69.39% compared to non-treated soil. The correlation analysis results showed that both diversity and structure indices of bacteria and fungi were significantly correlated with root biomass and disease incidence in the second year. In summary, DF has presented a significant beneficial effect on American ginseng development. Additionally, the second year is the critical period to shape the soil microbial community, which could have a long-lasting effect on the development of American ginseng. IMPORTANCE Numerous reports of soil fumigants and fungicides on annual crops exist; however, it is unclear whether the single application to perennial plants persistently improves plant growth and controls disease or whether it has a long-lasting impact on soil microbes. We found that soil fumigation enhances ginseng growth and suppresses root rot disease by reshaping the soil microbial community. Our findings benefit the agricultural development of ginseng and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of ginseng diseases.

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Apple Disease Control and Bloom-Thinning Effects by Lime Sulfur, Regalia, and JMS Stylet-Oil

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Management of Powdery Mildew on Ninebark Using Sanitizers, Biorational Products, and Fungicides

Management of Powdery Mildew on Ninebark Using Sanitizers, Biorational Products, and Fungicides

Yield and cost–benefit analyses for apple scab sanitation practices in integrated and organic apple management systems

A soil fumigant increases American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) survival and growth under continuous cropping by affecting soil microbiome assembly: a 4-year in situ field experiment

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