Apple as a Source of Dietary Phytonutrients: Bioavailability and Evidence of Protective Effects against Human Cardiovascular Disease

Ferretti, Gianna; Turco, Imma; Bacchetti, Tiziana

doi:10.4236/fns.2014.513134

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Apples are considered a good source of dietary minerals [14]. In accordance with previous reports [2,14,20,21,22,23], K, Ca and Mg were the main minerals present at high concentrations in the present apple cv. In contrast to the above studies, our phosphorus (P) values were very low in the present apple fruit.…”

Section: Effect Of Ripening On Mineral Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…('Golden Delicious', 'Fuji', 'Granny Smith', 'Jonagold', 'Delicious', 'Glockenapfel', etc.) [2,15,16]. Sugar profiles in the pulp and flesh of apple fruit have been described as an important component of chemical composition tables and provided valuable information regarding the authenticity of fruit juices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a growing appreciation and understanding of the link between fruit and vegetable consumption and improved health in humans against degenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, pulmonary disorders, and Alzheimer's disease [1,2]. Information regarding the quality and quantity of nutrients or nutraceuticals in fruits and vegetables during the pre-and post-harvest periods is therefore needed if the consumption of these is to exert a protective effect against the development of diseases such as those cited above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apples contain several nutrients (sugars, mostly fructose, and organic acids, mostly malic and citric acids) as well as nonnutrient components, including dietary fiber, minerals (mostly K, P, and Ca,), vitamins (particularly vitamin C), polyphenols (mostly flavanols) and hydroxycinnamic acids (mostly chlorogenic acid). Morever, apple is one of the main natural sources of phytochemicals, most of which express relevant antioxidants that have often been evaluated in vitro on cultured cells and in animal models [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types have been investigated in health-related studies across the world due to their rich and varied phytochemical contents. The potential of AP phytochemicals to reduce the risk of disease and improve health has attracted the interest of scientists, medical practitioners, and the general public [1,2]. Apples contain several nutrients (sugars, mostly fructose, and organic acids, mostly malic and citric acids) as well as nonnutrient components, including dietary fiber, minerals (mostly K, P, and Ca,), vitamins (particularly vitamin C), polyphenols (mostly flavanols) and hydroxycinnamic acids (mostly chlorogenic acid).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional Evaluation of an Outstanding Apple Cultivar, 'Göbek' (Malus communis L.)

Çolak¹,

Kolcuoğlu²,

Tarkowski³

et al. 2017

JFNR

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate physicochemical parameters and nutritional changes in the whole fruit, the peel and the flesh parts in fruit of 'Göbek' apple during three ripening stages over a 20-day period (188 to 208 DAFBs) on the tree. A significant (P < 0.01 or 0.05) increasing trend for pH, total soluble solids, dry matter, sweetnes index, total sweetnes index and a decreasing trend for total soluble solids:titratable acidity, titratable acidity, fruit firmness and moisture content were observed through ripening. The nutrient analysis representing the major components in the peel and flesh (respectively) indicates fructose in the range of (ave. 2260.1 and 3486.1mg/100 g fw), malic acid (ave. 1052.8 -278.6 mg/100 g fw), palmitic acid (ave. 33.1 -26.8%) and linoleic acid (ave. 21.1 -18.23%), potassium (ave. 186.3 and 105.6 mg/100 g fw) and asparagin (ave. 149.3 -59.8 mg/100 g fw). Among the polyamines analyzed, spermidin was the most abundant polyamine in the peel and flesh in the following range (ave. 281.6 and 124.7 nmol g -1 fw). The ripening process affected nutrient concentrations in the fruit as the maturity progressed on the tree. 'Göbek' fruit could be an excellent potential source for specific nutrients if it is harvested at different ripening stages.

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Section: Effect Of Ripening On Mineral Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nutritional Evaluation of an Outstanding Apple Cultivar, 'Göbek' (Malus communis L.)

Çolak¹,

Kolcuoğlu²,

Tarkowski³

et al. 2017

JFNR

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References

2018

Cardiovascular Disease

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Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Since the second half of the 20th century, the cultivation of ancient and local apple cultivars has almost disappeared from orchards in Italy. Some of these ancient apple cultivars often possess high nutraceutical values and display lower allergenicity than the modern ones, supporting the so‐called ‘green revolution’ theory. RESULTS In this study, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of five ancient apple cultivars (‘Belfiore’, ‘Pomella Genovese’, ‘Gravenstein’, ‘Bella del Bosco’, and ‘Piatlin’) were compared with a ‘Golden Delicious’ commercial cultivar. Additionally, apples were tested for their potential allergenicity by detecting the presence of Mal d 3, a non‐specific lipid transfer protein that represents the main apples' allergen. All apples came from northern Italy (Trentino Region) and were organically produced. Results showed that, for all cultivars, the skins contained more polyphenols than the pulps. ‘Bella del Bosco’ had the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, whereas ‘Piatlin’ had the lowest phenolic content. All ancient cultivars presented a higher amount of pulp phenolic compounds than ‘Golden Delicious’. Immunoblotting techniques showed that ‘Bella del Bosco’ and ‘Piatlin’ had very low quantities of Mal d 3 allergen; hence, they can be considered hypoallergenic cultivars. CONCLUSIONS The preservation of ancient apple cultivars would be of great importance, not only to maintain the biodiversity but also for their nutritional properties. The hypoallergenic activity of some of these cultivars could be of interest also for the preparation of different apple‐based products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Apple as a Source of Dietary Phytonutrients: Bioavailability and Evidence of Protective Effects against Human Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 40 publications

References 71 publications

Nutritional Evaluation of an Outstanding Apple Cultivar, 'Göbek' (<i>Malus</i><i> </i><i>communis</i> L.)

Nutritional Evaluation of an Outstanding Apple Cultivar, 'Göbek' (<i>Malus</i><i> </i><i>communis</i> L.)

References

Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy

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